THE PLANTAR REFLEX - RePub

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CONTENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION page 15 CHAPTER I HISTORY OF THE PLANTAR REFLEX AS A CLINICAL SIGN DISCOVERY - the plantar reflex before Babinski - the toe phenomenon . . . . - Joseph Babinski and his work 19 21 24 ACCEPTANCE - the pyramidal syndrome before the toe reflex - confirmation . . . . . . . - a curious eponym in Holland - false positive findings? - false negative findings FLEXION AND EXTENSION SYNERGIES - the Babinski sign as part of a flexion synergy . . . . . . . 31 - opposition from Babinski and others . . . . . . . . . . . 33 - ipsilateral limb extension with downgoing toes versus the normal plantar response . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 - crossed toe responses . . . . . . . . . . 36 - tonic plantar flexion of the toes in hemiplegia 37 26 26 28 29 29 RIVAL SIGNS - confusion . . . . . . . . . . . - different sites of excitation - stretch reflexes of the toe muscles - spontaneous or associated dorsiflexion of the great toe - effects other than in the toes after plantar stimulation THE PLANTAR RESPONSE IN INFANTS - contradictory findings - the grasp reflex of the foot . . . . . . - the flexion reflex . . . . . . . . . . - the normal plantar response and walking 39 39 41 42 42 43 43 43 46
Page 1 and 2: THE PLANTAR REFLEX a historical, cl
Page 3 and 4: THE PLANTAR REFLEX A HISTORICAL, CL
Page 5: Aan mijn ouders Aan Carien, Maarten
Page 9 and 10: . or the extensor hallucis brevis?
Page 11: Paradoxical downward response of th
Page 15 and 16: GENERAL INTRODUCTION The plantar re
Page 17: CHAPTER I HISTORY OF THE PLANTAR RE
Page 20 and 21: FIGURE 1 BABINSKI (/857-I932i This
Page 22 and 23: de Ia jambe sur Ia cuisse et du pie
Page 24 and 25: (Babinski, 1907 b, 1924). Moreover,
Page 26 and 27: In 1922 he retired. His successor V
Page 28 and 29: the interpretation - these findings
Page 30 and 31: TABLE II ALLEGED FALSE POSITIVE BAB
Page 32 and 33: Sequard, Vulpian, Charcot and Hughl
Page 34 and 35: a) Patients with pyramidal lesions
Page 36 and 37: Ipsilateral limb extension with dow
Page 38 and 39: One such category is formed by aler
Page 40 and 41: antagonistic about it. He received
Page 42 and 43: produced an upgoing toe response; a
Page 44 and 45: ~ ~ TABLE Ill STUDIES ABOUT THE PLA
Page 46 and 47: eference) it is not surprising that
Page 49 and 50: CONCLUSIONS 1. The term 'plantar re
Page 51: CHAPTER II INTERPRETATION OF PLANTA
Page 54 and 55: FIGURE 2 The 'duck-rabbit' the cong
Page 56 and 57:
Accompanying information A slide wi
Page 58 and 59:
TABLE V RATINGS OF 'NO INFORMATION'
Page 60 and 61:
indicate consistent ratings. It is
Page 62 and 63:
pathological side (tA = 2.03, d.f.
Page 64 and 65:
CONCLUSIONS 1. Interpretation of pl
Page 67 and 68:
Recording the plantar reflex INTROD
Page 69 and 70:
surpnsmg to learn that the results
Page 71 and 72:
whether electrically induced reflex
Page 73 and 74:
Concentric needle electrodes were u
Page 75 and 76:
moment the skin is touched and the
Page 77 and 78:
electrical stimulation mechanical s
Page 79 and 80:
DISCUSSION Effector of Babinski sig
Page 81 and 82:
present series). This has in turn l
Page 83 and 84:
Chapter I), and that stimuli which
Page 85:
CHAPTER IV EQUIVOCAL PLANTAR RESPON
Page 88 and 89:
and Clare, 1959; confirmed by the f
Page 90 and 91:
standard to measure the provisional
Page 92 and 93:
occasions and without knowledge of
Page 94 and 95:
RESULTS Observer consistency The ra
Page 96 and 97:
with ancillary investigations. In o
Page 98 and 99:
'D 00 TABLE Xlll PATIENTS WITH SOME
Page 100 and 101:
possible Babinski signs were wholly
Page 102 and 103:
to happen because impulses are unab
Page 104 and 105:
disease (Hamburger, 1901). Testing
Page 106 and 107:
5. If dorsiflexion of the great toe
Page 109 and 110:
INTRODUCTION In this chapter I shal
Page 111 and 112:
found contralaterally to focal lesi
Page 113 and 114:
ilateral operations). Adding this t
Page 115 and 116:
These new facts firmly support the
Page 117 and 118:
These experiments in humans, howeve
Page 119 and 120:
craniocaudal direction 'leg fibres'
Page 121 and 122:
group), while other pyramidal signs
Page 123 and 124:
RESULTS L UNILATERAL BABINSKI SIGNS
Page 125 and 126:
7. Abdominal reflexes - diminished
Page 127 and 128:
Of the 12 patients without evidence
Page 129 and 130:
Leaving asymmetry aside for a momen
Page 131 and 132:
Other signs Associated dorsiflexion
Page 133 and 134:
Late Babinski signs Two patients in
Page 135 and 136:
FHB _j 0,2 mV 500 ms FIGURE 13 Efec
Page 137 and 138:
p. 132). The fact that both abnorma
Page 139 and 140:
little or no value as a feature of
Page 141 and 142:
jerks, which is a pyramidal feature
Page 143 and 144:
PYRAMIDAL TRACT PYRAMIDAL AND RETIC
Page 145 and 146:
CONCLUSIONS From previous studies:
Page 147 and 148:
SUMMARY This thesis describes a his
Page 149 and 150:
patients (87% ). Of these 26, a pat
Page 151 and 152:
SAMENV ATTING Dit proefschrift behe
Page 153 and 154:
In Hoofdstuk IV werden de elektromy
Page 155 and 156:
REFERENCES AND AUTHOR INDEX The num
Page 157 and 158:
BABINSKI, J. (1911 a). Parapltgie s
Page 159 and 160:
BLOCQ, P., and ONANOFF,]. (1892). S
Page 161 and 162:
CLARKE, E., and O'MALLEY, CD. (1968
Page 163 and 164:
EL-SHERBINI, K. B. (1971). False Ba
Page 165 and 166:
GOLDSTEIN, K. (19) 1). Dber Zeigen
Page 167 and 168:
HAWTHORNE, C. 0. (1915). The clinic
Page 169 and 170:
KLIPPEL, M., and WElL, M. P. (1908)
Page 171 and 172:
LHERMITTE, ]., and TRELLES,]. 0. (1
Page 173 and 174:
MEYERS, L L (1920). The physiologic
Page 175 and 176:
PROCHASKA, G. (1784). De functionib
Page 177 and 178:
SEBECK, and WIENER (1926). Le duali
Page 179 and 180:
VALKENBURG, C. T. van (1907). Over
Page 181:
WOLFF, L. V. (1930). The response t
Page 184 and 185:
THE AUDIOVISUAL DEPARTMENT of the E
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