THE PLANTAR REFLEX - RePub

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Accompanying information A slide with a fictitious abstract of history and physical signs (minus the plantar reflex) introduced every film fragment for the 'information' group. The 19 abstracts were chosen from a stock of 36; three separate neurologists arranged these in nine groups of four, according to their 'Babinskivalue'. The two films which occurred twice were on one occasion preceded by 'high-value-information'
TABLE IV INFORMATION PRECEDING <strong>THE</strong> TEST FILMS (the Roman numerals indicate the 'Babinski-value' accorded by each of the three judges on a nine-point scale) first presentation Film A: information suggesting Babinski sign (VIII, IX, IX) widow, 42 years hi.rtory - hypertension for 10 years (treated with moderate success) - 1 day prior to consultation weakness ofR arm after waking (noticed while combing); later that day dragging of R leg examination - slight obtundation - R-sided weakness of face, arm and leg; no hemianopia - tendon jerks rather weak on L side; on R slightly brisker? second presentation Film A: information suggesting normal plantar response (1, I, II) housewife, 22 years history - for 6 months attacks of absentmindedness, lasting a few minutes: perceives conversation as very remote - attacks can be aborted by shaking head - occasionally impaired vision, as if through a tunnel examination: normal Film B: information suggesting normal plantar response (I, I, II) office clerk, 36 years history 3 days earlier, after waking, suddenly unable to close L eye and to move mouth on L side - faint ache above the eyes for last few weeks exa-mination - BP l80jl05 - subtotal paralysis of all facial muscles Film B: information suggesting Babinski sign (IX, IX, IX) welder, 25 years history - numbness and heaviness in R leg for 5 weeks; 4 years ago similar complaints - improved when he stopped playing soccer - while attending technical school two episodes of failing vision in L eye, for few weeks; ophthalmologist could find no cause examination - L eye: pale disc, acuity 8/10 - symmetrical horizontal gaze nystagmus - abdominal reflexes absent - R leg: moderate weakness of flexors, spasticity of quadriceps; marked hyperreflexia 57
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THE PLANTAR REFLEX a historical, cl
Page 3 and 4:
THE PLANTAR REFLEX A HISTORICAL, CL
Page 5: Aan mijn ouders Aan Carien, Maarten
Page 8 and 9: TELEOLOGICAL SPECULATIONS - science
Page 10 and 11: - EMG result and 'final' neurologic
Page 13: LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS figure page 1
Page 16 and 17: Electromyographic recording from mu
Page 19 and 20: The plantar reflex before Babinski
Page 21 and 22: viz. those of Striimpell (1899), Op
Page 23 and 24: These early reports did not reach m
Page 25 and 26: Charcot's concepts about hysteria w
Page 27 and 28: TABLE I STUDIES CONFIRMING BABINSKI
Page 29 and 30: False positive findings? Babinski's
Page 31 and 32: FLEXION AND EXTENSION SYNERGIES The
Page 33 and 34: confirmed by Walshe (1914). His is
Page 35 and 36: esult in disappearance of the Babin
Page 37 and 38: without an ipsilateral upgoing toe
Page 39 and 40: RIVAL SIGNS Confusion When Babinski
Page 41 and 42: 8. Stroking the anterior surface of
Page 43 and 44: Contradictory findings THE PLANTAR
Page 45 and 46: Bersot 1920,'2! ? X ]l 2 Burr 1921
Page 47: curious case of one healthy infant
Page 50 and 51: 9. Infants under one year of age ge
Page 53 and 54: INTRODUCTION Observer error: examin
Page 55: following a suggestion that most re
Page 59 and 60: TABLE VI RATINGS OF 'INFORMATION' G
Page 61 and 62: unm i stakab I y upward possibly up
Page 63 and 64: Clinical experience appeared to be
Page 65: CHAPTER III BABINSKI SIGN: STIMULUS
Page 68 and 69: TABLE VII CLINICAL COMMENTS ON THE
Page 70 and 71: Normal plantar response: flexor hal
Page 72 and 73: I. rn. extensor hallucis longus 2.
Page 74 and 75: TABLE VIII OCCURRENCE OF REFLEX ACT
Page 76 and 77: ecruited and even interrupted by EH
Page 78 and 79: value (the minimal stimulus intensi
Page 80 and 81: FIGURE 8 Relative dimen.riom and we
Page 82 and 83: the two separate bursts of electrom
Page 84 and 85: 5. In general, reflex effects produ
Page 87 and 88: INTRODUCTION When is an upgoing toe
Page 89 and 90: stimulated side diminishes extensor
Page 91 and 92: 30 patients with equivocal plantar
Page 93 and 94: A FHB EHL E TA EHL c FHB TA _j1mV 5
Page 95 and 96: Inexperienced observer An additiona
Page 97 and 98: patient 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 sex F M M F F
Page 99 and 100: Practical use of the flexion reflex
Page 101 and 102: 1. Contraction of the tibialis ante
Page 103 and 104: FHB I ! ¥ _j 02 FHB ...,. r~~a..,.
Page 105 and 106: Finally the method of stimulation.
Page 107:
CHAPTER V THE BABINSKI SIGN AND THE
Page 110 and 111:
TABLE XIV THEORIES INVOKING A SUPRA
Page 112 and 113:
change of the plantar reflex was of
Page 114 and 115:
An upgoing toe response in lower pr
Page 116 and 117:
noticed no special features, and of
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'pyramidal syndrome' were not. Thei
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movements, but also the capacity to
Page 122 and 123:
- rapid foot tapping on the couch,
Page 124 and 125:
TABLE XVI FREQUENCY OF V ARlO US SI
Page 126 and 127:
~ N 0\ TABLE XVIII PATIENTS WITH A
Page 128 and 129:
~ N 00 TABLE XIX LACK OF CORRELATIO
Page 130 and 131:
~ '->' 0 TABLE XX PATIENTS SHOWING
Page 132 and 133:
3. BABINSKI SIGNS APPEARING IN OR D
Page 134 and 135:
--------------~~- ~ '-" TARLE XXI "
Page 136 and 137:
DISCUSSION Two principal features e
Page 138 and 139:
patients in the first group in whom
Page 140 and 141:
The most striking examples of Babin
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eflex arc must have its impact at o
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hallucis longus motoneurones to seg
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9. The paradoxical downward toe res
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showed very little agreement with t
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A second condition to be fulfilled
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eide met dubieuze voetzoolreflexen,
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waarin de Babinski-reflex verdween,
Page 156 and 157:
BABINSKI,]. (1885). Recherches sur
Page 158 and 159:
approche d'une interpretation du si
Page 160 and 161:
BUCK, D. de, and MOOR, L. de (1900)
Page 162 and 163:
DEJERINE, ]., and LEVY V j\LENSI, J
Page 164 and 165:
FRIEDMAN, E. D. (1920). On a possib
Page 166 and 167:
GROSS, F. (1971). The Emperor"s clo
Page 168 and 169:
IIDA, M., and BASMAJIAN,]. V. (1974
Page 170 and 171:
LANDAU, W. M., and CLARE, M. H. (19
Page 172 and 173:
MANFREDI, M., SACCO, G., and SIDER!
Page 174 and 175:
NYBERG-HANSEN, R., and RINVIK, E. (
Page 176 and 177:
lombo-sacrCe avec amyotrophie globa
Page 178 and 179:
STRDMPELL, A. VON (1887). Ueber ein
Page 180 and 181:
WALSHE, F. M. R. (1956). The Babins
Page 183 and 184:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful for
Page 185:
CURRICULUM VITAE De schrijver van d
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