Kinetic Analysis and Characterization of Epoxy Resins ... - FedOA

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A Brief History of Microwave Oven 166 colleagues face. Because of these results, they realized that they can cook other foods using the low-density microwave energy. Dr. Spencer created a metal box with an opening into which he fed microwave power. The energy entering the box was unable to escape, thereby creating a higher density electromagnetic field. When food was placed in the box and microwave energy fed in, the temperature of the food rose very rapidly. Dr. Spencer had invented what was to revolutionize cooking, and form the basis of a multimillion dollar industry, the microwave oven. Engineers went to work on Spencer’s new idea, developing and refining it for practical use. By late 1946, the Raytheon Company had filed a patent proposing that microwaves be used to cook food. An oven that heated food using microwave energy was then placed in a Boston restaurant for testing. At last, in 1947, the first commercial microwave oven, called “Radaranges” hit the market. These primitive units where gigantic and enormously expensive, standing 5,5 feet tall, weighing over 750 pounds, and costing about 5000 $ each. The magnetron tube had to be water-cooled, so plumbing installations were also required. Not surprisingly, many were highly reluctant about these first units, and so they found only limited acceptance. Further improvements and refinements soon produced a more reliable and lightweight oven that was not only less expensive, but, with the development of a new air-cooled magnetron, there was no longer any need for a plumber. Figure A.1 shows a picture of one of the first domestic microwave oven produced. Technological advances and further developments led to a microwave oven that was polished and priced for the consumer kitchen. However, there were many myths and fears surrounding these mysterious new electronic “radar ranges” By the seventies, more and more people were finding the benefits of microwave cooking to outweigh the possible risks, and none of them were dying of radiation poisoning. 166
A Brief History of Microwave Oven 167 Figure A.1: One of the first domestic microwave oven. As fears faded, a swelling wave of acceptance began filtering into the kitchens of America and other countries. Myths were melting away, and doubt was turning into demand. By 1975, sales of microwave ovens would, for the first time, exceed that of gas ranges. The following year, a reported 17% of all homes in Japan were doing their cooking by microwaves, compared with 4% of the homes in the United States the same year. Before long, though, microwave ovens were adorning the kitchens in over nine million homes, or about 14%, of all the homes in the United States. In 1976, the microwave oven became a more commonly owned kitchen appliance than the dishwasher, reaching nearly 60%, or about 52 million U.S. households. America’s cooking habits were being drastically changed by the time and energy-saving convenience of the microwave oven. Once considered a luxury, the microwave oven had developed into a practical necessity for a fast-paced world. 167
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UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI
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3 I thank all the lecturers of PhD
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5 Microwaves are electromagnetic ra
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CONTENTS 7 1.8.1 DielectricProperti
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CONTENTS 9 4 Conclusions and Outloo
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LIST OF TABLES 11 3.2 Average value
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List of Figures 1.1 Diglycidylether
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LIST OF FIGURES 15 2.23 Onset tempe
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LIST OF FIGURES 17 3.38 Comparison
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Introduction 19 cannot be melted an
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Introduction 21 • bismaleimides;
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Introduction 23 cold solders, casti
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Introduction 25 Average Properties
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Introduction 27 In Figure 1.4 n can
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Introduction 29 ducts and it genera
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Introduction 31 tween current-carry
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Introduction 33 that describe the p
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Introduction 35 1.3.5 Lorentz Force
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Introduction 37 Figure 1.11: Electr
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Introduction 39 Even microwaves can
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Introduction 41 production requirem
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Introduction 43 fect of the electro
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Introduction 45 following different
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Introduction 47 Debye equations bas
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Introduction 49 Although these mode
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Introduction 51 materials that have
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Chapter 2 Experimental In this chap
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Experimental 55 Characteristic Note
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Experimental 57 If the oven is used
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Experimental 59 In monomodal applic
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Experimental 61 Figure 2.5: Right s
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Experimental 63 Figure 2.8: Front v
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Experimental 65 regardless of the a
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Experimental 67 • The number of t
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Experimental 69 Figure 2.11: Surfac
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Experimental 71 Figure 2.12: Repeti
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Experimental 73 From the Figure 2.1
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Experimental 75 in the centre of th
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Experimental 77 not read the water
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Experimental 79 Test number 1 2 3 4
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Experimental 81 Figure 2.19: Plot o
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Experimental 83 2.5 Datalogger This
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Experimental 85 same reason a wood
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Experimental 87 Material Behaviour
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Experimental 89 in function of the
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Experimental 91 2.6.3 Influence of
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Chapter 3 Results and Discussion Th
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Results and Discussion 95 There is
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Results and Discussion 97 Figure 3.
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Results and Discussion 99 Parameter
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Results and Discussion 101 After pr
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Results and Discussion 103 of insta
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Results and Discussion 105 1. Mecha
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Results and Discussion 107 where k
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Results and Discussion 109 Kinetic
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Results and Discussion 111 Figure 3
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Results and Discussion 113 3.3 Comp
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Page 117 and 118: Results and Discussion 117 Tables 3
Page 119 and 120: Results and Discussion 119 Figure 3
Page 123 and 124: Results and Discussion 123 t MW [s]
Page 125 and 126: Results and Discussion 125 simulate
Page 129 and 130: Results and Discussion 129 t DSC [s
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Page 135 and 136: Results and Discussion 135 forward
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Page 143 and 144: Results and Discussion 143 Since ev
Page 145 and 146: Results and Discussion 145 ditions.
Page 147 and 148: Results and Discussion 147 3.23 and
Page 149 and 150: Results and Discussion 149 The T g
Page 151 and 152: Results and Discussion 151 3.6.1 St
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Page 155 and 156: Results and Discussion 155 3.7.2 FT
Page 157 and 158: Results and Discussion 157 identifi
Page 159 and 160: Results and Discussion 159 This eff
Page 161 and 162: Results and Discussion 161 Also in
Page 163 and 164: Conclusions and Outlook 163 degree
Page 165: Appendix A A Brief History of Micro
Page 169 and 170: Bibliography [1] W. Callister, “M
Page 171 and 172: BIBLIOGRAPHY 171 [19] P. I. Karkana
Page 173: BIBLIOGRAPHY 173 [34] K. D. V. Pras
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