Kinetic Analysis and Characterization of Epoxy Resins ... - FedOA

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Introduction 28 Acids and acid anhydrides react through esterification of secondary hydroxyl groups located on epoxy resins backbone. Epoxy resins can also undergo curing processes with cationic polymerization, using as catalysts Lewis acids such as BF 3 and forming polyethers. An epoxy prepolymer, as that illustrated in Figure 1.4, if chemically activated by an appropriate energy source, is able to link other macromolecules of the same type generating a very long chain. Moreover hardener agents can create chemical crosslinks between these macromolecular chains forming a three-dimensional network, with unique characteristics. The reaction between the epoxy prepolymer and the amino groups forms reticulation crosslinks as shown in Figure 1.8 Figure 1.8: Scheme of crosslinking reaction. . Figure 1.8 represents the formation of four crosslinks between epoxy and amino groups, through the opening of the epoxy rings and formation of hydroxyl groups. This polymerization reaction is not accompanied by the formation of subpro- 28
Introduction 29 ducts and it generates the three-dimensional network of the thermosetting resin, as illustrated in Figure 1.9. Figure 1.9: Molecular structure of an epoxy resin. . 1.3 Electromagnetic Radiations In this section a synthetic exposition of principles of microwaves and dielectric heating will be presented. It will begin from the fundamental laws of electromagnetism up to a description of a microwave circuit and applications of this technology. 29
Page 1 and 2: UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI
Page 3 and 4: 3 I thank all the lecturers of PhD
Page 5 and 6: 5 Microwaves are electromagnetic ra
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS 7 1.8.1 DielectricProperti
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS 9 4 Conclusions and Outloo
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF TABLES 11 3.2 Average value
Page 13 and 14: List of Figures 1.1 Diglycidylether
Page 15 and 16: LIST OF FIGURES 15 2.23 Onset tempe
Page 17 and 18: LIST OF FIGURES 17 3.38 Comparison
Page 19 and 20: Introduction 19 cannot be melted an
Page 21 and 22: Introduction 21 • bismaleimides;
Page 23 and 24: Introduction 23 cold solders, casti
Page 25 and 26: Introduction 25 Average Properties
Page 27: Introduction 27 In Figure 1.4 n can
Page 31 and 32: Introduction 31 tween current-carry
Page 33 and 34: Introduction 33 that describe the p
Page 35 and 36: Introduction 35 1.3.5 Lorentz Force
Page 37 and 38: Introduction 37 Figure 1.11: Electr
Page 39 and 40: Introduction 39 Even microwaves can
Page 41 and 42: Introduction 41 production requirem
Page 43 and 44: Introduction 43 fect of the electro
Page 45 and 46: Introduction 45 following different
Page 47 and 48: Introduction 47 Debye equations bas
Page 49 and 50: Introduction 49 Although these mode
Page 51 and 52: Introduction 51 materials that have
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 2 Experimental In this chap
Page 55 and 56: Experimental 55 Characteristic Note
Page 57 and 58: Experimental 57 If the oven is used
Page 59 and 60: Experimental 59 In monomodal applic
Page 61 and 62: Experimental 61 Figure 2.5: Right s
Page 63 and 64: Experimental 63 Figure 2.8: Front v
Page 65 and 66: Experimental 65 regardless of the a
Page 67 and 68: Experimental 67 • The number of t
Page 69 and 70: Experimental 69 Figure 2.11: Surfac
Page 71 and 72: Experimental 71 Figure 2.12: Repeti
Page 73 and 74: Experimental 73 From the Figure 2.1
Page 75 and 76: Experimental 75 in the centre of th
Page 77 and 78: Experimental 77 not read the water
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Experimental 79 Test number 1 2 3 4
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Experimental 81 Figure 2.19: Plot o
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Experimental 83 2.5 Datalogger This
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Experimental 85 same reason a wood
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Experimental 87 Material Behaviour
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Experimental 89 in function of the
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Experimental 91 2.6.3 Influence of
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Chapter 3 Results and Discussion Th
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Results and Discussion 95 There is
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Results and Discussion 97 Figure 3.
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Results and Discussion 99 Parameter
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Results and Discussion 101 After pr
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Results and Discussion 103 of insta
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Results and Discussion 105 1. Mecha
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Results and Discussion 107 where k
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Results and Discussion 109 Kinetic
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Results and Discussion 111 Figure 3
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Results and Discussion 113 3.3 Comp
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Results and Discussion 115 pedestal
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Results and Discussion 117 Tables 3
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Results and Discussion 123 t MW [s]
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Results and Discussion 125 simulate
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Results and Discussion 129 t DSC [s
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Results and Discussion 133 Using th
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Results and Discussion 135 forward
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Results and Discussion 141 than the
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Results and Discussion 143 Since ev
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Results and Discussion 145 ditions.
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Results and Discussion 147 3.23 and
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Results and Discussion 149 The T g
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Results and Discussion 151 3.6.1 St
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Results and Discussion 153 Flexural
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Results and Discussion 155 3.7.2 FT
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Results and Discussion 157 identifi
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Results and Discussion 159 This eff
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Results and Discussion 161 Also in
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Conclusions and Outlook 163 degree
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Appendix A A Brief History of Micro
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A Brief History of Microwave Oven 1
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Bibliography [1] W. Callister, “M
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 171 [19] P. I. Karkana
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 173 [34] K. D. V. Pras
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Kinetic Analysis and Characterization of Epoxy Resins ... - FedOA

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