Kinetic Analysis and Characterization of Epoxy Resins ... - FedOA

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Experimental 78 by the sensor has been verified. In fact during the experiments for microwave oven characterization, a discrepancy between the water temperature measured with digital thermocouple and with the IR sensor has been noticed. Particularly for elevated temperatures 16 , the sensor marks a value lower of ≈ 20 ◦ C than that measured by digital thermocouple at the end of the cycle. Therefore temperature measurements for the IR sensor calibration have been performed on a wood surface and on the liquid epoxy prepolymer EC 57. These materials have been chosen, because they are microwave sensitive and are representative of the two states of the sample, liquid and solid, before and after the curing process. size. The first sample is a wood table of 200,3 g of weight and 30 x 20 x 0,8 cm of The second sample is the epoxy prepolymer EC 57 of a volume of 50 ml, poured in a PP vessel of 180 ml of capacity. In both the cases the difference between the temperature values measured by a digital thermocouple and the maximum temperature reading, provided by the IR sensor, has been estimated. This difference has been indicated as ∆T ∗ . For the wood six tests have been performed with constant values of tray velocity and air temperature, without IR heating, but with different powers and radiation times, as reported in Table 2.4. In this Table there are some apparent contradictory results, for example with a power of 1000 W the wood temperature raising is lower than that with 500 W 17 . This can be explained, because the initial wood temperatures are not the same. The same results are shown in the Figure 2.18. For the epoxy prepolymer EC 57 five tests have been carried out with the parameters listed in Table 2.5. 16 Greater than 70 ◦ C. 17 With the same operative conditions. 78
Experimental 79 Test number 1 2 3 4 5 6 MW radiation time [s] 300 300 300 300 450 600 Irradiated power [W] 500 1000 1500 2000 2000 2000 Tray velocity [ ] cm min 224 224 224 224 224 224 IR heating OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF Air temperature [ ◦ C] 25 25 25 25 25 25 Thermocouple temperature [ ◦ C] 38,8 38,7 43, 6 45,5 51,8 52,7 IR sensor temperature [ ◦ C] 35 35 40 45 52 53 ∆T ∗ [ ◦ C] 3,8 3,7 3,6 0,5 -0,3 -0,3 Table 2.4: Parameters selected for IR calibration with wood. Figure 2.18: Plot of ∆T ∗ obtained with a wood surface. 79
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UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI
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3 I thank all the lecturers of PhD
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5 Microwaves are electromagnetic ra
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CONTENTS 7 1.8.1 DielectricProperti
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CONTENTS 9 4 Conclusions and Outloo
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LIST OF TABLES 11 3.2 Average value
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List of Figures 1.1 Diglycidylether
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LIST OF FIGURES 15 2.23 Onset tempe
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LIST OF FIGURES 17 3.38 Comparison
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Introduction 19 cannot be melted an
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Introduction 21 • bismaleimides;
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Introduction 23 cold solders, casti
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Introduction 25 Average Properties
Page 27 and 28: Introduction 27 In Figure 1.4 n can
Page 29 and 30: Introduction 29 ducts and it genera
Page 31 and 32: Introduction 31 tween current-carry
Page 33 and 34: Introduction 33 that describe the p
Page 35 and 36: Introduction 35 1.3.5 Lorentz Force
Page 37 and 38: Introduction 37 Figure 1.11: Electr
Page 39 and 40: Introduction 39 Even microwaves can
Page 41 and 42: Introduction 41 production requirem
Page 43 and 44: Introduction 43 fect of the electro
Page 45 and 46: Introduction 45 following different
Page 47 and 48: Introduction 47 Debye equations bas
Page 49 and 50: Introduction 49 Although these mode
Page 51 and 52: Introduction 51 materials that have
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 2 Experimental In this chap
Page 55 and 56: Experimental 55 Characteristic Note
Page 57 and 58: Experimental 57 If the oven is used
Page 59 and 60: Experimental 59 In monomodal applic
Page 61 and 62: Experimental 61 Figure 2.5: Right s
Page 63 and 64: Experimental 63 Figure 2.8: Front v
Page 65 and 66: Experimental 65 regardless of the a
Page 67 and 68: Experimental 67 • The number of t
Page 69 and 70: Experimental 69 Figure 2.11: Surfac
Page 71 and 72: Experimental 71 Figure 2.12: Repeti
Page 73 and 74: Experimental 73 From the Figure 2.1
Page 75 and 76: Experimental 75 in the centre of th
Page 77: Experimental 77 not read the water
Page 81 and 82: Experimental 81 Figure 2.19: Plot o
Page 83 and 84: Experimental 83 2.5 Datalogger This
Page 85 and 86: Experimental 85 same reason a wood
Page 87 and 88: Experimental 87 Material Behaviour
Page 89 and 90: Experimental 89 in function of the
Page 91 and 92: Experimental 91 2.6.3 Influence of
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 3 Results and Discussion Th
Page 95 and 96: Results and Discussion 95 There is
Page 97 and 98: Results and Discussion 97 Figure 3.
Page 99 and 100: Results and Discussion 99 Parameter
Page 101 and 102: Results and Discussion 101 After pr
Page 103 and 104: Results and Discussion 103 of insta
Page 105 and 106: Results and Discussion 105 1. Mecha
Page 107 and 108: Results and Discussion 107 where k
Page 109 and 110: Results and Discussion 109 Kinetic
Page 111 and 112: Results and Discussion 111 Figure 3
Page 113 and 114: Results and Discussion 113 3.3 Comp
Page 115 and 116: Results and Discussion 115 pedestal
Page 117 and 118: Results and Discussion 117 Tables 3
Page 123 and 124: Results and Discussion 123 t MW [s]
Page 125 and 126: Results and Discussion 125 simulate
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Results and Discussion 129 t DSC [s
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Results and Discussion 131 Figure 3
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Results and Discussion 133 Using th
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Results and Discussion 135 forward
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Results and Discussion 141 than the
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Results and Discussion 143 Since ev
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Results and Discussion 145 ditions.
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Results and Discussion 147 3.23 and
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Results and Discussion 149 The T g
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Results and Discussion 151 3.6.1 St
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Results and Discussion 153 Flexural
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Results and Discussion 155 3.7.2 FT
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Results and Discussion 157 identifi
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Results and Discussion 159 This eff
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Results and Discussion 161 Also in
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Conclusions and Outlook 163 degree
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Appendix A A Brief History of Micro
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A Brief History of Microwave Oven 1
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Bibliography [1] W. Callister, “M
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 171 [19] P. I. Karkana
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 173 [34] K. D. V. Pras
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Kinetic Analysis and Characterization of Epoxy Resins ... - FedOA

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