Kinetic Analysis and Characterization of Epoxy Resins ... - FedOA

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Experimental 80 Test number 1 2 3 4 5 MW radiation time [s] 30 60 90 120 150 Irradiated power [W] 500 500 500 500 500 Tray velocity [ ] cm min 224 224 224 224 224 IR heating OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF Air temperature [ ◦ C] 25 25 25 25 25 Thermocouple temperature [ ◦ C] 29,9 36,7 45, 6 49,6 51 IR sensor temperature [ ◦ C] 28 38 47 51 52 ∆T ∗ [ ◦ C] 1,9 -1,3 -1,4 -1,4 -1 Table 2.5: Parameters selected for IR calibration with EC 57 epoxy prepolymer. The liquid resin temperature has been measured, placing the thermocouple probe on the bottom of the beaker in order to use always the same spatial reference. The obtained results are illustrated in Figure 2.19. Both for wood surface and for epoxy prepolymer the ∆T ∗ decreases, and so on a best agreement is achieved, enhancing the material temperature. For higher temperature 18 other measurements have not been necessary, because in this case a good agreement between IR sensor and digital thermocouple reading has been noticed. The only limitation of the IR sensor is its unreliable temperature monitoring at low temperature 19 for liquid material, like water. For this reason the temperature measured with digital thermocouple 20 , before starting the automatic cycle, has been used for the sample thermal profile determination. 18 Greater than 100 ◦ C. 19 Lower than 30 ◦ C. 20 Generally 25 ◦ C. 80
Experimental 81 Figure 2.19: Plot of ∆T ∗ obtained with 50 ml of EC 57 epoxy prepolymer. 2.4 Microwave Oven Characterization in Static Operative Conditions The investigation of the energy density distribution on the sample-holder tray, when the oven operates as a static cavity, has been performed with the same procedure, illustrated in the previous section. Also in this case the position of greatest energy density is the centre of the tray at 2 cm of height. Since the IR sensor is placed 5cmbehind the waveguide 21 , for monitoring the sample temperature during the microwave cure process with the IR sensor it is necessary to collocate the workpiece in the position (0,-5,2) [cm]. In fact, although in static operative conditions the temperature is recorded in more carefully by the datalogger, described in the section 2.5 on page 83, also the reading provided by the IR sensor is important. The energy density in the position of (0,0,2) [cm], in which the sample is placed 21 Positioned in the centre of the applicator cavity. 81
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UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI
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3 I thank all the lecturers of PhD
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5 Microwaves are electromagnetic ra
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CONTENTS 7 1.8.1 DielectricProperti
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CONTENTS 9 4 Conclusions and Outloo
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LIST OF TABLES 11 3.2 Average value
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List of Figures 1.1 Diglycidylether
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LIST OF FIGURES 15 2.23 Onset tempe
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LIST OF FIGURES 17 3.38 Comparison
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Introduction 19 cannot be melted an
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Introduction 21 • bismaleimides;
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Introduction 23 cold solders, casti
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Introduction 25 Average Properties
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Introduction 27 In Figure 1.4 n can
Page 29 and 30: Introduction 29 ducts and it genera
Page 31 and 32: Introduction 31 tween current-carry
Page 33 and 34: Introduction 33 that describe the p
Page 35 and 36: Introduction 35 1.3.5 Lorentz Force
Page 37 and 38: Introduction 37 Figure 1.11: Electr
Page 39 and 40: Introduction 39 Even microwaves can
Page 41 and 42: Introduction 41 production requirem
Page 43 and 44: Introduction 43 fect of the electro
Page 45 and 46: Introduction 45 following different
Page 47 and 48: Introduction 47 Debye equations bas
Page 49 and 50: Introduction 49 Although these mode
Page 51 and 52: Introduction 51 materials that have
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 2 Experimental In this chap
Page 55 and 56: Experimental 55 Characteristic Note
Page 57 and 58: Experimental 57 If the oven is used
Page 59 and 60: Experimental 59 In monomodal applic
Page 61 and 62: Experimental 61 Figure 2.5: Right s
Page 63 and 64: Experimental 63 Figure 2.8: Front v
Page 65 and 66: Experimental 65 regardless of the a
Page 67 and 68: Experimental 67 • The number of t
Page 69 and 70: Experimental 69 Figure 2.11: Surfac
Page 71 and 72: Experimental 71 Figure 2.12: Repeti
Page 73 and 74: Experimental 73 From the Figure 2.1
Page 75 and 76: Experimental 75 in the centre of th
Page 77 and 78: Experimental 77 not read the water
Page 79: Experimental 79 Test number 1 2 3 4
Page 83 and 84: Experimental 83 2.5 Datalogger This
Page 85 and 86: Experimental 85 same reason a wood
Page 87 and 88: Experimental 87 Material Behaviour
Page 89 and 90: Experimental 89 in function of the
Page 91 and 92: Experimental 91 2.6.3 Influence of
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 3 Results and Discussion Th
Page 95 and 96: Results and Discussion 95 There is
Page 97 and 98: Results and Discussion 97 Figure 3.
Page 99 and 100: Results and Discussion 99 Parameter
Page 101 and 102: Results and Discussion 101 After pr
Page 103 and 104: Results and Discussion 103 of insta
Page 105 and 106: Results and Discussion 105 1. Mecha
Page 107 and 108: Results and Discussion 107 where k
Page 109 and 110: Results and Discussion 109 Kinetic
Page 111 and 112: Results and Discussion 111 Figure 3
Page 113 and 114: Results and Discussion 113 3.3 Comp
Page 115 and 116: Results and Discussion 115 pedestal
Page 117 and 118: Results and Discussion 117 Tables 3
Page 123 and 124: Results and Discussion 123 t MW [s]
Page 125 and 126: Results and Discussion 125 simulate
Page 129 and 130: Results and Discussion 129 t DSC [s
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Results and Discussion 131 Figure 3
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Results and Discussion 133 Using th
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Results and Discussion 135 forward
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Page 141 and 142:
Results and Discussion 141 than the
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Results and Discussion 143 Since ev
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Results and Discussion 145 ditions.
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Results and Discussion 147 3.23 and
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Results and Discussion 149 The T g
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Results and Discussion 151 3.6.1 St
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Results and Discussion 153 Flexural
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Results and Discussion 155 3.7.2 FT
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Results and Discussion 157 identifi
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Results and Discussion 159 This eff
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Results and Discussion 161 Also in
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Conclusions and Outlook 163 degree
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Appendix A A Brief History of Micro
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A Brief History of Microwave Oven 1
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Bibliography [1] W. Callister, “M
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 171 [19] P. I. Karkana
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 173 [34] K. D. V. Pras
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Kinetic Analysis and Characterization of Epoxy Resins ... - FedOA

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