Kinetic Analysis and Characterization of Epoxy Resins ... - FedOA

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Introduction 20 Worldwide the current consumption of thermoset resins across the whole industrial spectrum amounts to 21,6 million tonnes. Industry growth rates are forecast to be in excess of 2,5% per annum. The worldwide industry is thriving and producing lightweight, high performance, high quality products for an ever-expanding range of markets. The applications of thermosets are many and varied. One of the primary uses is as the matrix in composite materials. Composites are now accepted as high Thermoset materials are designed for a long lifetime and can therefore be difficult to break down. However, methods of re-use and recycling are performance engineering materials in many fields such as automotive, aerospace and marine. They are made using a range of techniques from autoclave moulding to resin transfer moulding. Adhesives are another major application area for thermosets and progress has been rapid. For example, a few years ago adhesives were restricted to relatively low performance applications, while today the range of formulations makes it possible to assemble aircraft and automotive components. Construction is a major market. A large volume of thermosets is used in the coatings industry. This has undergone rapid change in recent years as manufacturers strive to reduce VOC emissions, by reducing the use of solvents and bringing in ultraviolet curing formulations. Recycling is another environmental issue that is being tackled by manufacturers. available. Innovations in materials include the use of natural fiber reinforcement in composites and the application of biopolymers as the matrix materials. Thermosets include a wide range of materials: • acrylics; • alkyds; • amino resins; 20
Introduction 21 • bismaleimides; • epoxy; • furane; • phenolics; • polyimides; • unsaturated polyesters; • polyurethanes; • vynil esters. New materials are being developed such as cyanate esters and arylzene resins, together with hybrid resins. 1.2 Epoxy Resins Epoxy resins are substantially polyethers, but they maintain this name depending on the material used for producing them and because, before polymerization, they contain the epoxy or ethoxyline group inside the prepolymer. In Figure 1.1 the molecular structure of a typical epoxy prepolymer is illustrated. Figure 1.1: Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A. 21
Page 1 and 2: UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI
Page 3 and 4: 3 I thank all the lecturers of PhD
Page 5 and 6: 5 Microwaves are electromagnetic ra
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS 7 1.8.1 DielectricProperti
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS 9 4 Conclusions and Outloo
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF TABLES 11 3.2 Average value
Page 13 and 14: List of Figures 1.1 Diglycidylether
Page 15 and 16: LIST OF FIGURES 15 2.23 Onset tempe
Page 17 and 18: LIST OF FIGURES 17 3.38 Comparison
Page 19: Introduction 19 cannot be melted an
Page 23 and 24: Introduction 23 cold solders, casti
Page 25 and 26: Introduction 25 Average Properties
Page 27 and 28: Introduction 27 In Figure 1.4 n can
Page 29 and 30: Introduction 29 ducts and it genera
Page 31 and 32: Introduction 31 tween current-carry
Page 33 and 34: Introduction 33 that describe the p
Page 35 and 36: Introduction 35 1.3.5 Lorentz Force
Page 37 and 38: Introduction 37 Figure 1.11: Electr
Page 39 and 40: Introduction 39 Even microwaves can
Page 41 and 42: Introduction 41 production requirem
Page 43 and 44: Introduction 43 fect of the electro
Page 45 and 46: Introduction 45 following different
Page 47 and 48: Introduction 47 Debye equations bas
Page 49 and 50: Introduction 49 Although these mode
Page 51 and 52: Introduction 51 materials that have
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 2 Experimental In this chap
Page 55 and 56: Experimental 55 Characteristic Note
Page 57 and 58: Experimental 57 If the oven is used
Page 59 and 60: Experimental 59 In monomodal applic
Page 61 and 62: Experimental 61 Figure 2.5: Right s
Page 63 and 64: Experimental 63 Figure 2.8: Front v
Page 65 and 66: Experimental 65 regardless of the a
Page 67 and 68: Experimental 67 • The number of t
Page 69 and 70: Experimental 69 Figure 2.11: Surfac
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Experimental 71 Figure 2.12: Repeti
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Experimental 73 From the Figure 2.1
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Experimental 75 in the centre of th
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Experimental 77 not read the water
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Experimental 79 Test number 1 2 3 4
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Experimental 81 Figure 2.19: Plot o
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Experimental 83 2.5 Datalogger This
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Experimental 85 same reason a wood
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Experimental 87 Material Behaviour
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Experimental 89 in function of the
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Experimental 91 2.6.3 Influence of
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Chapter 3 Results and Discussion Th
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Results and Discussion 95 There is
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Results and Discussion 97 Figure 3.
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Results and Discussion 99 Parameter
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Results and Discussion 101 After pr
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Results and Discussion 103 of insta
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Results and Discussion 105 1. Mecha
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Results and Discussion 107 where k
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Results and Discussion 109 Kinetic
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Results and Discussion 111 Figure 3
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Results and Discussion 113 3.3 Comp
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Results and Discussion 115 pedestal
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Results and Discussion 117 Tables 3
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Results and Discussion 123 t MW [s]
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Results and Discussion 125 simulate
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Results and Discussion 129 t DSC [s
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Results and Discussion 133 Using th
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Results and Discussion 135 forward
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Results and Discussion 141 than the
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Results and Discussion 143 Since ev
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Results and Discussion 145 ditions.
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Results and Discussion 147 3.23 and
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Results and Discussion 149 The T g
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Results and Discussion 151 3.6.1 St
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Results and Discussion 153 Flexural
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Results and Discussion 155 3.7.2 FT
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Results and Discussion 157 identifi
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Results and Discussion 159 This eff
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Results and Discussion 161 Also in
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Conclusions and Outlook 163 degree
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Appendix A A Brief History of Micro
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A Brief History of Microwave Oven 1
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Bibliography [1] W. Callister, “M
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 171 [19] P. I. Karkana
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 173 [34] K. D. V. Pras
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Kinetic Analysis and Characterization of Epoxy Resins ... - FedOA

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