A monograph of the British fossil corals - kreidefossilien.de

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CORALS FROM THE UPPER CHALK. 51 Those of the second order are nearly as large as those of the first set, and thus produce the appearance of twelve tertiary systems. Height, from one to two inches ; diameter of the calice five lines ; its depth, two lines. This species is easily distinguished from all the other Parasmilia by the great development of its columella, which occupies nearly half the diameter of the calice, and by the spongy structure of this organ. It most resembles T?. centralis, from which, however, it differs also by its thick form and the greater development of the tertiary costse towards its basis. The l^readth and delicate granulations of the costse may equally serve to distinguish it from P. Gravesicma, P. ehngata, P. cylindrka, and P. Mantelli. It differs from P. serpentina by having an additional cyclum of septa, and by its basis not being smooth, as is the case in the latter. This fossil is found in the upper chalk of Norwich, and exists in the collections of the Geological Society, of the Geological Survey, and of the Museum at Paris. It appears probable that it has often been confounded with P. ce7itraUs, and that some of the figures referred to that species may in reality belong to it ; but the engravings here alluded to are not correct enough to enable us to decide this question. 5. Parasmilia (?) serpentina. Tab. VIII, fig. 3, 3«, 3 h. It is not without some doubts that we place this fossil in the genus Parasmilia, for in the unique specimen that has come under our observation, the calice was in so bad a state of preservation that it was impossible to decide whether the papillee seen near the centre of that part were fractured septa or remains of pali, or even trabiculse belonging to the columella. However, the first hypothesis appears most probable, and the general appearance of the corallum is also very similar to that of all the other Parasmilia. This fossil is almost cylindrical, slender, much elongated, and 1jent ; it presents some strongly marked circular constrictions, indicative as usual of a certain intermittence in the progress of its growth. The costie are narrow, straight, rather unequal alternately, scarcely distinct near the basis, but more prominent towards the upper part of each inflated ring and near the calice ; the calice is circular. The septa form three complete cycla and are rather closely set, exsert, and somewhat dilated exteriorly. The columella is well developed. Length, one inch, seven lines. Diameter of the calice, two lines and a half. This coral, belonging to Mr. Bowerbank's collection, was found in the upper chalk at Bromley, in Kent. It is the only species of Parasmilia in which the fourth cyclum of septa does not exist ; it is also characterised by its basis not being costulated.
53 BRITISH FOSSIL CORALS. 2. Genus Ccelosmilia (p. xxv.) C(ELOSMiLiA LAXA. Tab. VIII, fig. 4, 4 a, 4 ^, 4 c. CoraUum simple, turbinate, slightly bent, rather intermittent in its- growth, and appearing to have been adherent. Costa distinct from the basis to the cahce, very distant from each other ; those belonging to the fu-st three cycla subcrestiform ; those of the last cycluni flat and scarcely visible, delicately granulated and crossed by small horizontal striae. Calice cii'cular; fossula narrow and rather deep. No columella. Septa forming fom' complete cycla ; but those of the last cyclum almost rudimentary. The six systems equally developed. The septa very unequally developed, broad, very exsert ; thin, but rather less so near the inner margin, presenting a few round granulations on their lateral surfaces. Those of the first and second cycla united along the lower part of their inner edge. Height, from one inch to one inch and a half ; diameter of the calice, seven lines. We have given the generic name of Ccelosmilia to a certain number of Eusmilinee which we formerly placed in our genus Parasmilia, but which are characterised by the absence of the columella and the rudimentary state of the endotheca. Parasmilia poctilum, P. Faifjasi, and P. punctata^ belong to this group, and differ from C. laxa by their costse being flat and granulated near the calice, whereas in the above-described fossil these parts are subcrestiform. It is also to be remembered that in Coelosmilia ])oculum and C.Faujasi the septa form five complete cycla, and that in the last-mentioned species, as well as in C. punctata, the principal septa are much thicker than in C. laxa. M. Alcide d'Orbigny has lately discovered in the white chalk of Cesanne a new species which he designates by the name of Ccelosmilia Edwardsiana, and which differs from C. laxa by its costse being rudimentary and its septa thinner. 1 See our Monograph of the Astreidee (Ann. des Scien. Nat. 3'°' serie, vol. x). It is possible that our Coslosmilia punctata may be only a young form of C. Favjasi, but we have not as yet seen a sutRcieut number of specimens to be able to decide the question.
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THE PALiEONTOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. INS
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i. E. ADLJIED, PBINTr.B, BARTHOLOME
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e 7b-^,pi'? PRINTED BY C. AND .1. A
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INTRODUCTION. iii centre of the ram
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INTRODUCTION. v certain parts of th
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INTRODUCTION. vii in which the mult
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INTRODUCTION. ix Sub-class 1. CORAL
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; INTRODUCTION. xi Sub-order 1. ZOA
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INTRODUCTION. xiii 3. Genus Acantho
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; INTRODUCTION. xv formed by proces
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; INTRODUCTION. xvii IS. Genus Plat
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INTRODUCTION. xix Aberrant Group. P
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INTRODUCTION. xxi 8. Genus Amphelia
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INTRODUCTION. xxiii 3. Genus Dkndra
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INTRODUCTION. xxv 5. Genus Ccelosmi
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INTRODUCTION. xxvii in the two prec
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; INTRODUCTION. xxix 23. Genus Pler
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; INTRODUCTION. xxxi 30. Genus Hete
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INTRODUCTION. xxxiii 30. Genm Symph
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;; INTRODUCTION. xxxv 44. Gentts Tr
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LNTRODUCTION. xxxvii 50. Genus Dipl
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INTRODUCTION. xxxix Section IV.—
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; INTRODUCTION. xli 64. Genus Astro
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Page 85 and 86: INTRODUCTION. Ixxv Family I. ALCYON
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314 GENERAL INDEX. . Halysites cate
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318 GENERAL INDEX.
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320 GENERAL INDEX.
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322 GENERAL INDEX. Xenia Zaphrentis
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