A monograph of the British fossil corals - kreidefossilien.de
A monograph of the British fossil corals - kreidefossilien.de
A monograph of the British fossil corals - kreidefossilien.de
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46 BRITISH FOSSIL CORALS.<br />
not be unworthy <strong>of</strong> notice that <strong>the</strong>se five species are as yet <strong>the</strong> only representations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
genus Cyathina that have been met with in <strong>the</strong> Chalk Formation. At first sight <strong>the</strong>y appear<br />
very similar, l)ut by an attentive examination, constant and well-<strong>de</strong>fined characteristic<br />
differences are found between all. In C. Koninckii, <strong>the</strong> corallum is always shorter, and<br />
more regularly turbinate ;<br />
<strong>the</strong> pali are thicker, and <strong>the</strong> columella is reduced to two or tlu'ee<br />
thick, twisted processes. In C. BowerbaiikU, on <strong>the</strong> contrary, <strong>the</strong> pali are much thinner,<br />
and <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> walls appears granulous. C. cylindrica and G. Breda differ from<br />
it by a very pecuhar character, which exists also in<br />
C. KonincJcii, but which is not met with<br />
in any o<strong>the</strong>r species <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same genus, and is in<strong>de</strong>ed quite au exception to <strong>the</strong> family <strong>of</strong><br />
Tm'binolidse, <strong>the</strong> pali being only six in number, although <strong>the</strong> fom* cycla <strong>of</strong> septa be complete,<br />
and corresponding to <strong>the</strong> septa <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> aiitepenidtimate cyclum, whereas <strong>the</strong>y usually<br />
correspond to those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> penultimate cyclum.<br />
The thin, elongate form <strong>of</strong> C. Bredce and<br />
<strong>the</strong> quite cylindrical form <strong>of</strong> C. cylindrica, will also help to distinguish <strong>the</strong>m from C. Icevigata,<br />
which differs also from C. Beheyana, by <strong>the</strong> latter having a well-marked epi<strong>the</strong>cal fold near<br />
<strong>the</strong> cahce, a small columella, and thinner pali.<br />
Cyathina laevigata is found in <strong>the</strong> Upper Chalk at Dinton, in Wiltshire ; specimens may<br />
be seen in <strong>the</strong> collections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Geological Society, <strong>of</strong> Mr. Bowerbank, and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Museum<br />
at Paris.<br />
set, and having stronger lateral granulations near <strong>the</strong> inner edge. The primary ones larger and ra<strong>the</strong>r<br />
thicker than <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs, hut differing very little from <strong>the</strong> secondary ones ; <strong>the</strong> tertiary ones are thinner and<br />
smaller ; those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fourth cyclum are distinct, hut very small. Pali prominent, extremely thick, narrow,<br />
strongly granulated laterally, and corresponding to <strong>the</strong> secondary septa.<br />
Height <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> corallum about six<br />
lines ; diameter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> calice three lines. Fossil from <strong>the</strong> Chalk <strong>of</strong> St. Peter's Mountain, at Maestricht ; specimens<br />
exist in <strong>the</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural History <strong>of</strong> Paris, and in <strong>the</strong> Tylerian Museum at Haarlem.<br />
Cyathina Bredce, nobis.<br />
This <strong>fossil</strong> corallum, which we <strong>de</strong>dicate to Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Van Breda, is adherent<br />
by a ra<strong>the</strong>r broad basis, contracted immediately above, elongate, slen<strong>de</strong>r, much bent, and cylindrical towards<br />
its upper part. The costEe are not well marked, and <strong>the</strong> walls are almost smooth, but present sometimes<br />
slight horizontal folds. Calice circular ; fossula shallow. Columella but little <strong>de</strong>veloped, and sometimes<br />
reduced to a single twisted process. Septa forming four complete cycla ; but those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> last cyclum<br />
rudimentary though distinct ; <strong>the</strong> primary ones ra<strong>the</strong>r thick, especially towards <strong>the</strong> inner edge ; <strong>the</strong><br />
secondary ones resembling those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first cyclum, but ra<strong>the</strong>r narrower ; <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rs very thin. The<br />
granulations on <strong>the</strong> si<strong>de</strong>s <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> septa are conical, and very prominent. The pall corresponding to <strong>the</strong><br />
secondary septa, well <strong>de</strong>veloped, prominent, narrow, and appearing very thick, because <strong>the</strong>y are flexuous.<br />
Height, seven or eight lines ; diameter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> calice, two lines and a half. This species is also found in <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>fossil</strong> state in <strong>the</strong> Chalk <strong>of</strong> St. Peter's Mountain, at Maestricht ; specimens exist in <strong>the</strong> collections <strong>of</strong> MM.<br />
Van Riemsdyck and Bosquet, at Maestricht ; <strong>of</strong> M. Van Breda, at Haarlem ; and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Museum at Paris.<br />
Cyathina Debeyana nob. Corallum cylindrical, elongate, slightly curved, and presenting near <strong>the</strong><br />
calicular margin a small but well-marked circular band, representing an incomplete epi<strong>the</strong>ca. Cahce<br />
circular ; fossula not <strong>de</strong>ep. Septa unequal, closely set, somewhat exsert, ra<strong>the</strong>r thick externally, but thin<br />
towards <strong>the</strong> inner edge, and forming four complete cycla ; <strong>the</strong> secondary ones almost as large as those <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> first cyclum. Pali ra<strong>the</strong>r narrow, and not very thick. Height, one inch; diameter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> calice, three<br />
lines ; <strong>de</strong>pth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fossula, one line. Fossil from <strong>the</strong> Chalk <strong>of</strong> Aix-la-Chapelle, discovered by M. Debay.