patterns of population growth in nepal - Institute for Social and ...

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N.Sivanna, V.Selvaraju, T.V.Sekhar, Joseph, Sukhpal Singh, and'M.H.Balasubramanya for their co-operation. Mr. Krishna Chandran helped me in computer processing of data for analysis and Mr.Lingaraju provided assistance in drawing the maps. I am grateful to both of them. My sincere gratitude and indebtedness to my parents, brothers and sister who had been a constant source of encouragement to me. I am also deeply indebted to my wife Sheela, daughter Srijana, and son Sanketh for their sacrifice during the periods of their staying away from me and for firmly standing by me in the periods of stress and strain. I thank the ISEC library staff for their valuable cooperation. Finally, I am thankful to Mr.T.Srinivasa Murthy for his prompt and excellent typing of the manuscript. Bangalore April, 1989 Devendra Prasad Shreatha
CON TEN T S ACKNO\tv"LEDGEMENT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF MAPS Page i vii x CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem 5 1.3 Objectives of the Study 9 1.4 Organization of the Study 10 CHAPTER II I METHODOLOGY 12 2.1 Data and Their Sources 13 2.2 Quality of Data and Their Limitations 17 2.3 Techniques of Analysis 20 CHAPTER III I POPULATION GROWTH IN NEPAL: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 24 3.1 Nepal and Its People 24 3.2 Estimates of Population of Nepal in Earlier Periods 28 3.3 History of Census Taking in Nepal 30 3.4 Population in the Present Century 33 3.5 Population Distribution in Nepal 36 CHAPTER IV : BEHAVIOUR OF THE COMPONENTS OF POPULATION GROWTH 41 4.1 Mortality 42 4.2 Fertility 50 4.3 Emigration and Immigration 63
Page 1 and 2: PATTERNS OF POPULATION GROWTH IN NE
Page 3 and 4: DECLARATION ----------- I hereby de
Page 5: I acknowledge my gratitude to the I
Page 9 and 10: vi Page CHAPTER VIII: LEVELS OF SOC
Page 11 and 12: viii Table No. 5.4 5.5 Rate of Tota
Page 13 and 14: Map No. LIST OF MAPS Page 3.1 Nepal
Page 15 and 16: CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Backgrou
Page 17 and 18: 3 of 3.2 per cent per annum. What i
Page 19 and 20: 5 level has increased and per cent
Page 21 and 22: ., components of population growth
Page 23 and 24: 9 with reference to specific compon
Page 25 and 26: 11 Chapter Eight examines the patte
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER II ME'lHOOOWGY In the prese
Page 29 and 30: 14 (ii) '!he number of children bor
Page 31 and 32: 16 development. 21 indicators have
Page 33 and 34: figures wi thin the same ecological
Page 35 and 36: 20 2.3 Techniques of Analysis: In t
Page 37 and 38: economic development is that it doe
Page 39 and 40: CliAPTER III POPULATION GROH'lH IN
Page 41 and 42: 25 (ii) the Hill region, and (iii)
Page 43 and 44: 27 Nepal has an ethnically complex
Page 45 and 46: 29 end of the 16th Century. Similar
Page 47 and 48: 31 ferm or the other prevailed even
Page 49 and 50: I 33 ~ , 3.4 Population in the Pres
Page 51 and 52: 1 SEC UeRJRY 8 lNG 6 l()RE A~. N _.
Page 53 and 54: Natural Regions Area in Percent Pop
Page 55 and 56: 39 From the table it is also eviden
Page 57 and 58:
QiAPTER IV BEHAVIOUR OF THE COMPONE
Page 59 and 60:
42 techniques to obtain plausible e
Page 61 and 62:
., deaths which occurred during the
Page 63 and 64:
46 Gubhaju's estimates of 42.9 for
Page 65 and 66:
48 such as doctors, nurses and m1d\
Page 67 and 68:
'" , f 50 ., ~ .( 4.2 Fertility 2a.
Page 69 and 70:
52 In order to obtain the most plau
Page 71 and 72:
Table 4,31 Age-~ecific Fertili~ Rat
Page 73 and 74:
56 ~le 4.41 l-'!ean Number of Child
Page 75 and 76:
58 singulate mean age at marriage f
Page 77 and 78:
TaJ:Ue 4.:>1 percengge D1Stl10UCIOi
Page 79 and 80:
62 Table 4.6: Percentage of Current
Page 81 and 82:
.A.g....., ... 'Q" -...,. .......::
Page 83 and 84:
66 survey conducted in 1983 reveale
Page 85 and 86:
68 A survey conducted in 1983 revea
Page 87 and 88:
CHAPTER V REGIONAL PATTERNS OF POPU
Page 89 and 90:
71 5.1 Patterns of Population Gro\l
Page 91 and 92:
73 regions, Hill region has experie
Page 93 and 94:
./'J" r~·· l." /w EST E! ~ N ~. "
Page 95 and 96:
77 Annual Intercensal Gro~th Rate (
Page 97 and 98:
79 All the three sub-regions in Ter
Page 99 and 100:
81 been considered as a representat
Page 101 and 102:
83 deaths duzing 1971-81 were again
Page 103 and 104:
85 Table 5.3: Rate of Total Increas
Page 105 and 106:
87 Table 5.3 (contd •• ) 51. No
Page 107 and 108:
89 Table 5.4: Rate of Total Increas
Page 109 and 110:
91 in Central Mountain. It should b
Page 111 and 112:
93 Across regions the RTI varies fr
Page 113 and 114:
- 1 1 i !; ~ I I ] :! . 0 a 0 • ~
Page 115 and 116:
MAP £0.4 . . . ... . . . . ,-. ~:.
Page 117 and 118:
Type Patterns of Population Change
Page 119 and 120:
101 Entire Terai, Central and Weste
Page 121 and 122:
103 From the above discussion it is
Page 123 and 124:
CHAPTER VI LEVELS OF AGRICULTURAL D
Page 125 and 126:
106 population growth and its compo
Page 127 and 128:
108 changes in life style together:
Page 129 and 130:
110 2. Agricultural development lea
Page 131 and 132:
112 area (Seetharam,1971; Rao and S
Page 133 and 134:
114 natu~al inc~ease in population
Page 135 and 136:
116 rate due to the increase in agr
Page 137 and 138:
118 mechanization has a negative ef
Page 139 and 140:
120 A Study by Mitra and Mukherji (
Page 141 and 142:
122 required by the industrial sect
Page 143 and 144:
124 thus showing an addition of 1,1
Page 145 and 146:
126 Census of Agriculture in 1981 s
Page 147 and 148:
Ind:1cators 1961_62 a 1964-6S b 196
Page 149 and 150:
130 6.6 Selection of Indicators of
Page 151 and 152:
Tab1e 6.21 Rotated Factor ~oad~ngs
Page 153 and 154:
134 development of the district aro
Page 155 and 156:
136 categories based on first facto
Page 157 and 158:
Z5!E!5!:::E" '01:::11_ E;P:.:;;;aIC
Page 159 and 160:
140 respectively. Thus, it may be s
Page 161 and 162:
142 exhibiting high levels of agric
Page 163 and 164:
144 In order to substantiate our fi
Page 165 and 166:
146 natural increase, rate of net m
Page 167 and 168:
148 Appendix 6-1 (contd •• ) 1
Page 169 and 170:
CHAPTER VII PATTERNS OF URBAN POPUL
Page 171 and 172:
- 151 The objective of this chapter
Page 173 and 174:
153 economies of scale in many econ
Page 175 and 176:
155 7.3 Empirical Findings f;om Oth
Page 177 and 178:
157 Zarate (1967) used the Mexican
Page 179 and 180:
159 (ii) industrial development and
Page 181 and 182:
'161 7.4 Levels and Trends of Urban
Page 183 and 184:
.:. 163 Table 7.1: Percentage Distr
Page 185 and 186:
165 in a given size class of cities
Page 187 and 188:
167 compared to other size classes
Page 189 and 190:
169 7.5 Growth of Towns: The number
Page 191 and 192:
171 units i.e., towns, it is diffie
Page 193 and 194:
173 recorded a highest annual growt
Page 195 and 196:
175 A fe\-l more towns are also exp
Page 197 and 198:
177 (ii) Mining, (iii) Manufacturin
Page 199 and 200:
179 fo~ce to each of the ~emaining
Page 201 and 202:
181 Table 7!4: Towns Functional Cla
Page 203 and 204:
183 patterns of urban population gr
Page 205 and 206:
185 making transport as a separate
Page 207 and 208:
187 one town falling in the multifu
Page 209 and 210:
CHAPTER VI I I LEVELS OF SOCIO-ECON
Page 211 and 212:
190 Based on conceptual framework,
Page 213 and 214:
192 will lead to reduction in ferti
Page 215 and 216:
194 couple due to the uncertainties
Page 217 and 218:
196 It has been widely accepted tha
Page 219 and 220:
198 redistribution of population fr
Page 221 and 222:
200 an inverse relationship between
Page 223 and 224:
202 A large number of studies have
Page 225 and 226:
204 Farooq and Tuncer (1974) while
Page 227 and 228:
206 increasing use of contraceptive
Page 229 and 230:
208 Yang and Pendleton (1980) in th
Page 231 and 232:
210 explained by levels of economic
Page 233 and 234:
212 this was mostly explained by hi
Page 235 and 236:
214 negative association between in
Page 237 and 238:
216 However, considerable changes h
Page 239 and 240:
218 Table 8.1 (contd •• ) Indic
Page 241 and 242:
220 11(b) 11(c) Ram Bahadur K.C. "D
Page 243 and 244:
222 very common, epidemic disease l
Page 245 and 246:
224 due to its physical setting int
Page 247 and 248:
226 1. Cultivated area per agricult
Page 249 and 250:
Tab1e 8.21 Rotated Factor Load~n95
Page 251 and 252:
Tab~e 8.21 (contd •• ) I Variab
Page 253 and 254:
232 which record low/negative facto
Page 255 and 256:
- ,..r: .... ::. .: ...... . - / ..
Page 257 and 258:
Table 8Ll' Distribution of District
Page 259 and 260:
238 8.8 Socio-Economic Development
Page 261 and 262:
240 levels of socio-economic develo
Page 263 and 264:
242 Our above findings have been fu
Page 265 and 266:
244 coefficients bet\veen Factor 2
Page 267 and 268:
246 APPENDIX 8·1 (contd •• ) 1
Page 269 and 270:
248 APPENDIX 8·.1 (contd •••
Page 271 and 272:
CHAPTER IX SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Page 273 and 274:
251 Many studies have examined the
Page 275 and 276:
253 increase in the supply of piped
Page 277 and 278:
255 net migration. Based on the var
Page 279 and 280:
257 was in the expected direction s
Page 281 and 282:
259 need for reducing the dispariti
Page 283 and 284:
261 cross-national analysis, United
Page 285 and 286:
Table 9.1 (contd •• ) 1 2 3 4 5
Page 287 and 288:
265 uphill task in Nepal. Thus, acc
Page 289 and 290:
267 areas. Family planning alone ma
Page 291 and 292:
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Page 293 and 294:
(ii) Berlson,B. and Mauldin,W.Parke
Page 295 and 296:
(iv) Central Bureau of Statistics (
Page 297 and 298:
D'Souza,Victor s. : (1983) Ekanem,I
Page 299 and 300:
Gurung, Harkha (1981) Hagood,A.L. (
Page 301 and 302:
Kirk,D. (1971) Kirkpatrick, Colonel
Page 303 and 304:
McNicoll,G. and Singarimbun,M. (198
Page 305 and 306:
(xiv) Poffenberger, Mark (1980) Pre
Page 307 and 308:
(xvi) Sxikantan,K.S. (1977) Sxiniva
Page 309 and 310:
Uni ted Nations (1979) ________ , (
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