Quality and Reliability Methods - SAS

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390 Reliability and Survival Analysis II Chapter 20 Proportional Hazards Model For this example, the risk ratio for Group2/Group1 is calculated as exp[-(-0.2979479)] /exp(-0.2979479) = 1.8146558 This risk ratio value suggests that the risk of death for Group 2 is 1.82 times higher than that for Group 1. Figure 20.18 Risk Ratios for Group Table See “Calculating Risk Ratios for Multiple Effects and Multiple Levels” on page 393 for a description of how risk ratios are calculated when there are multiple effects and for categorical effects with more than two levels. Example: Multiple Effects and Multiple Levels This example uses a proportional hazards model for the sample data, VA Lung Cancer.jmp. The data were collected from a randomized clinical trial, where males with inoperable lung cancer were placed on either a standard or a novel (test) chemotherapy (Treatment). The primary interest of this trial was to assess if the treatment type has an effect on survival time, with special interest given to the type of tumor (Cell Type). See Prentice (1973) and Kalbfleisch and Prentice (2002) for additional details regarding this data set. For the proportional hazards model, covariates include whether or not the patient had undergone previous therapy (Prior), the age of the patient (Age), the time from lung cancer diagnosis to beginning the study (Diag Time), and a general medical status measure (KPS). Age, Diag Time, and KPS are continuous measures and Cell Type, Treatment, and Prior are categorical (nominal) variables. The four nominal levels of Cell Type include Adeno, Large, Small, and Squamous. This section illustrates the report window for a model with more than one effect and a nominal effect with more than two levels. This section also includes example calculations for risk ratios for a continuous effect and risk ratios for an effect that has more than two levels. 1. Open the sample data, VA Lung Cancer.jmp. 2. Select Analyze > Reliability and Survival > Fit Proportional Hazards. 3. Select Time as Time to Event. 4. Select censor as Censor. 5. Select Cell Type, Treatment, Prior, Age, Diag Time, and KPS as the model effects. Figure 20.19 shows the completed launch window.
Chapter 20 Reliability and Survival Analysis II 391 Proportional Hazards Model Figure 20.19 Launch Window for Proportional Hazards Model with Multiple Effects and Levels 6. Click Run. 7. Select Risk Ratios from the red-triangle menu of the Proportional Hazards Fit title bar in the report window. 8. Click the disclosure icon on the Baseline Survival at mean title bar to close the plot, and click the disclosure icon on Whole Model to close the report. Figure 20.20 shows the resulting report window for this model.
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Quality and Reliability Methods - SAS

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