Quality and Reliability Methods - SAS

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42 Statistical Control Charts Chapter 2 Tests for Special Causes Figure 2.18 Illustration of Special Causes Tests 1 Test 1: One point beyond Zone A A B C C B A 1 UCL Avg LCL Test 3: Six points in a row steadily increasing or decreasing A B C C B A 3 UCL Avg LCL Test 2: Nine points in a row in a single (upper or lower) side of Zone C or beyond A UCL B C C B A 2 Avg LCL Test 4: Fourteen points in a row alternating up and down A UCL B C C B A 4 Avg LCL Test 5: Two out of three points in a row in Test 6: Four out of five points in a row in Zone A or beyond Zone B or beyond A 5 UCL 5 A 6 UCL B B C Avg C C C Avg B A 5 LCL B A LCL Test 7: Fifteen points in a row in Zone C (above and below the center line) A UCL B C 7 Avg C B A LCL Test 8: Eight points in a row on both sides of the center line with none in Zone C A UCL B C Avg C B 8 A LCL Westgard Rules Westgard rules are implemented under the Westgard Rules submenu of the Control Chart platform. The different tests are abbreviated with the decision rule for the particular test. For example, 1 2s refers to a test where one point is two standard deviations away from the mean. 1. Nelson (1984, 1985)
Chapter 2 Statistical Control Charts 43 Tests for Special Causes Table 2.2 Westgard Rules Rule 1 2S is commonly used with Levey-Jennings charts, where control limits are set 2 standard deviations away from the mean. The rule is triggered when any one point goes beyond these limits. Rule 1 3S refers to a rule common to Levey-Jennings charts where the control limits are set 3 standard deviations away from the mean. The rule is triggered when any one point goes beyond these limits. Rule 2 2S is triggered when two consecutive control measurements are farther than two standard deviations from the mean. Rule R 4S is triggered when one measurement is greater than two standard deviations from the mean and the previous measurement is greater than two standard deviations from the mean in the opposite direction such that the difference is greater than 4 standard deviations. Rule 4 1S is triggered when four consecutive measurements are more than one standard deviation from the mean. Rule 10 X is triggered when ten consecutive points are on one side of the mean. +3s +2s +1s -1s -2s -3s +3s +2s +1s -1s -2s -3s +3s +2s +1s -1s -2s -3s +3s +2s +1s -1s -2s -3s +3s +2s +1s -1s -2s -3s +3s +2s +1s -1s -2s -3s UCL Avg LCL UCL Avg LCL UCL Avg LCL UCL Avg LCL UCL Avg LCL UCL Avg LCL
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Chapter 19 Reliability and Survival
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References Abernethy, Robert B. (19
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References 407 Carroll, R.J., Ruppe
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References 409 Haaland, P.D. (1989)
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References 411 Lawless, J.F. (1982)
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References 413 Nelson, W.B. (2003),
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References 415 Snee, R.D. and Marqu
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Index JMP Quality and Reliability M
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Index 419 Fit SEV 242 Fit Weibull 2
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Index 421 Q Quantiles table 356 R R
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Index 423 Weibull Plot 360 Westgard
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Quality and Reliability Methods - SAS

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