Teacher Education and Development Study in Mathematics - IEA

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PART 2: PHILIPPINES 139 Figure 53: Philippines, Median Monthly Earnings of Female College Graduates, by Age and Occupation, 2006 350 Monthly Earnings (current US dollars) 300 250 200 150 100 20–24 Teachers 25–29 30–34 Age Group Scientists 35–44 45–54 55–64 Non-Scientists References Acedo, C. (1998). Teacher supply and demand in the Philippines. Washington, DC: Human Development Network in Education (HDNED), the World Bank. Agarao-Fernandez, E., & Guzman, A. (2005). Contextual realities of teacher education in the Philippines. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 4, 129–144. Bautista, K. (2003). Overhauling RP education. Magazine MIND: Your guide to Lifelong Learning, 1, 12–16. Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics. (2003). Supply and demand situation for teachers. Labstat Updates, 7(12). Department of Education. (2009). Philippines. Quick counts data, 2003–2004. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://www.deped.gov.ph/quicklinks/quicklinks2.asp?id=12. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. (2006). Teachers’ statistical tables. Retrieved from http://www.uis. unesco.org/ev_en.php?ID=6515_201&ID2=DO_TOPIC. van den Berg, E., Locaylocay, J., & Gallos, M. (2006). A physics teacher education program in the Philippines. APS Forum on Education, Spring. Retrieved May 25, 2009, from http://www.aps.org/ units/fed/newsletters/spring2006/index.html.
140 TEACHER PAY AND STUDENT MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT Singapore 21 Composition of the teacher labor force The 2005 education statistics documented 26,382 teachers in Singaporean government schools (Ministry of Education, 2008). This figure constituted a 27% increase in the number of teachers over the previous 10 years, and the Ministry of Education plans to have 30,000 teachers in place by 2010, an increase of about 3,000. According to data provided by the Ministry of Education, the rate at which teachers resign from the service has been steady at between two to three percent per year; the number of teachers who enter the profession each year averages 2,300 teachers. At the primary school level, approximately 83% of the teaching force is female. The percentage at the secondary level is about 65%. There are approximately 400 expatriate teachers in Singapore, but they make up less than one percent of the education service. About 23% of the total teaching population is made up of mid-career individuals. The Singapore Government recently initiated a number of programs designed to enhance teachers’ professional and personal development and their remuneration packages. Two such packages are GROW (Growth, Recognition, Opportunities, Wellbeing) and the CONNECT plan (CONtiNuity, Experience, and Commitment in Teaching). By offering teachers professional and financial incentives, the government hopes to make teaching an attractive profession for well-qualified individuals. The MOE also offers a variety of awards and scholarships to attract (“green harvest”) top pre-university students into teaching. These incentives include sponsoring prospective teachers to study in top universities locally and overseas. Teacher education Teacher education in Singapore is provided by the National Institute of Education, which specializes in teaching pedagogy/curriculum proficiency and is an autonomous institute of Nanyang Technological University. Entry requirements for the Diploma of Education (two years) or Bachelor’s programs (four years) are good results for the General Certificate of Education (GCE) “A” level or possession of a polytechnic diploma. A significant entry qualification not required in many other countries is that all trainee teachers must pass mathematics at the GCE “O” level. 22 The Bachelor in Education (arts/sciences) program prepares primary school teachers to teach two or three subjects and secondary school teachers to teach one major and one minor subject. The program includes courses in education studies, curriculum studies, subject knowledge, academic studies, and a practicum component. 21 Unless stated otherwise, information for this section was drawn from these websites: http://www.nie.edu.sg/itt_hb/web/2006/gi06/untrain.html http://www.nie.edu.sg/itt_hb/web/2006/gi06/trained.html http://www.moe.gov.sg/teach/ http://www.moe.gov.sg/teach/AdmissionCriteria.htm http://www.stu.org.sg. 22 In Singapore, primary education covers a period of six years of compulsory education, culminating with the Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE). The first four years constitute the foundation stage; the next two are known as the orientation stage. The overall aim is to give students a solid background in English, mathematics, and their mother tongue. Secondary education encompasses a four- to five-year period during which students are placed in different tracks based on their performance in the PSLE. Successful completion of this stage leads to the General Certificate of Education “O” level. The General Certificate of Education “A” level is awarded after the O-level stage and after completion of a two-year course at a junior college or a three-year course at a centralized institute.
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