Teacher Education and Development Study in Mathematics - IEA

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PART 2: BULGARIA 63 To assess the relative salaries in teaching and how these are changing over time, we used the 1995 and 2001 Bulgaria Integrated Household Survey (BIHS), conducted by BBSS Gallup International under World Bank supervision. The samples in both years consisted of 2,500 households and were nationally representative. The 2001 survey over-sampled 133 Roma households. The small sample size in Bulgaria means that any conclusions drawn from our findings are tentative. Also, the occupational category that includes teachers also includes education managers, although the salary levels suggest that almost all in the category were teachers. Despite these limitations, the age-earnings profiles show that, in 1995, female teachers/managers earned more than engineers/technicians (but less than accountants). This was not the case for males. Both female teachers/managers and male teachers/managers lost ground to competing occupations between 1995 and 2001. This was especially true for young males and all female teachers (see Table 15 and Figures 9 to 12). When we translate the monetary values in Table 15, which are in current leva, into current dollars, using the average exchange rates of 1995 and 2001, we see that although average earnings in US dollars rose between 1995 and 2001 (Table 16), the gains for teachers were not as large as they were for engineers/technicians. If the earnings we have estimated for Bulgaria are reasonably accurate, we can surmise that Bulgaria will have far greater difficulty recruiting mathematics teachers over the coming years than it did in the 1980s and early 1990s. Either the quality of mathematics teaching in Bulgaria will decline, or teacher salaries will have to rise. Table 15: Bulgaria, Mean Monthly Earnings of Teachers/Managers, Engineers/Technicians, and Accountants with University Education, by Gender, 1995 and 2001 (current Bulgarian leva) Males with University Education, 1995 Females with University Education, 1995 Age Teachers/Managers Engineers/ Accountants Teachers/Managers Engineers/ Accountants Technicians Technicians 20–24 4,380 25–29 6,200 8,298 3,908 4,425 30–34 4,450 8,636 35,505 4,675 4,350 7,352 35–44 5,050 9,483 8,830 4,775 4,202 6,900 45–54 5,000 13,023 7,050 4,700 5,658 6,564 55–64 6,800 15,162 Males with University Education, 2001 Females with University Education, 2001 Age Teachers/Managers Engineers/ Accountants Teachers/Managers Engineers/ Accountants Technicians Technicians 20–24 230 25–29 153 300 315 175 214 30–34 153 461 527 162 183 196 35–44 226 275 215 160 211 222 45–54 268 300 300 176 267 231 55–64 172 225 270 224 235 Source: Estimated from Gallup International, Bulgaria Integrated Household Survey, 1995; Bulgaria Integrated Household Survey, 2001 (http://www.worldbank.org/lsms/country/bg01/bg01docs.html).
64 TEACHER PAY AND STUDENT MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT Table 16: Bulgaria, Mean Monthly Earnings of Teachers/Managers, Engineers/Technicians, and Accountants with University Education, by Gender, 1995 and 2001 (current US dollars) Males with University Education, 1995 Females with University Education, 1995 Age Teachers/Managers Engineers/ Accountants Teachers/Managers Engineers/ Accountants Technicians Technicians 20–24 64 25–29 90 120 57 64 30–34 64 125 515 68 63 107 35–44 73 137 128 70 61 101 45–54 72 189 102 69 82 96 55–64 99 220 Males with University Education, 2001 Females with University Education, 2001 Age Teachers/Managers Engineers/ Accountants Teachers/Managers Engineers/ Accountants Technicians Technicians 20–24 100 25–29 67 131 138 76 93 30–34 67 201 230 71 80 86 35–44 99 120 94 70 92 97 45–54 117 131 131 77 117 101 55–64 75 98 118 98 103 Figure 9: Bulgaria, Mean Weekly Earnings of Males with University Education, by Occupation and Age, 1995 1,600 1,400 Weekly Earnings (current leva) 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 20–24 25–29 30–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 Age Group Teachers/Managers Engineers/Technicians Accountants
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