Introduction to SAT II Physics - FreeExamPapers

More documents

Recommendations

Info

10. . A heat engine produces 100 J of heat, does 30 J of work, and emits 70 J into a cold reservoir. What is the efficiency of the heat engine? (A) 100% (B) 70% (C) 42% (D) 40% (E) 30% Explanations 1. D The amount of heat lost by the hot water must equal the amount of heat gained by the cold water. Since all water has the same specific heat capacity, we can calculate the change in temperature of the cold water, , in terms of the change in temperature of the hot water, : At thermal equilibrium, the hot water and the cold water will be of the same temperature. With this in mind, we can set up a formula to calculate the value of : Since the hot water loses 10 Cº, we can determine that the final temperature of the mixture is 65 ºC – 10 Cº = 55 ºC. 2. D If a block of ice at 0 ºC is heated, it will begin to melt. The temperature will remain constant until the ice is completely transformed into liquid. The amount of heat needed to melt a certain mass of ice is given by the latent heat of fusion for water. The specific heat of water is only relevant when the temperature of the ice or water is changing, and the density of the water is not relevant. 3. D 200
Asphalt, like most materials, has a positive coefficient of linear expansion, meaning that it expands as temperatures rise in summer and shrinks as temperatures fall in winter. This effect is called the law of thermal expansion, D. The gaps in the sidewalk allow the blocks to expand without pushing against each other and cracking. 4. E Convection is a form of heat transfer where a large number of molecules move from one place to another. An overhead fan works precisely by this method: it sends cooler air molecules down into a hot room, cooling the temperature of the room. The heat of the sun and the cooking action of a microwave are both forms of radiation, while the heat on a frying pan and the cooling action of ice cubes are both forms of conduction. 5. A Since the gas is in a closed container, its volume remains constant, so the correct answer is A. When the gas is heated, its temperature increases, meaning that the average speed of the gas molecules increases. An increase in temperature also means there are more collisions between molecules. According to the ideal gas law, when volume is constant and temperature is increased, then pressure will also increase. Pressure is determined by the rate of collisions of the gas molecules with the walls of the container. 6. A According to the ideal gas law, temperature is directly proportional to volume and pressure. Since the volume of the container is constant, that means that doubling the temperature will double the pressure. R is a constant: it doesn’t vary under different circumstances, so C is wrong. Also, we are looking at a random sample of the gas, so there won’t be a heavier isotope in one or the other of the containers: E is also wrong. 7. D The ideal gas law states that temperature is directly proportional to pressure and volume. Since the gas is in a closed container, the volume is fixed, so an increase in temperature leads to an increase in pressure. The correct answer is D. The atomic mass and the number of molecules are fixed properties of the gas sample, and cannot change with heat. The density depends on the mass and the volume. The mass is also a fixed property of the gas sample, and the volume is being held constant, since we are dealing with a closed container. Therefore, the density must also remain constant. Because the number of molecules and the volume are constant, the average space between the molecules must remain constant. 201
Page 1 and 2:
SATII PHYSICS (FROM SPARKNOTES.COM)
Page 3 and 4:
The Good • Because SAT II Subject
Page 5 and 6:
Which SAT II Subject Tests to Take
Page 7 and 8:
After grumbling, however, you still
Page 9 and 10:
Waves 15-19% 11-15 Waves 10% 7-8 Op
Page 11 and 12:
negative, so E, and not A, is the c
Page 13 and 14:
including them anyway because it’
Page 15 and 16:
Two positively charged particles, o
Page 17 and 18:
will a visual representation reliev
Page 19 and 20:
Physics Hint 6: Be Flexible Knowing
Page 21 and 22:
There are a number of ways to label
Page 23 and 24:
Adding Parallel Vectors If the vect
Page 25 and 26:
The result of multiplying A by c is
Page 27 and 28:
neither parallel nor perpendicular.
Page 29 and 30:
Suppose the hands on a clock are ve
Page 31 and 32:
Vector Addition Practice Questions
Page 33 and 34:
2. A The vector 2A has a magnitude
Page 35 and 36:
path, Alan has traveled a much grea
Page 37 and 38:
school student called Andrea. Andre
Page 39 and 40:
centimeters to the left of its star
Page 41 and 42:
We can learn two things about the a
Page 43 and 44:
Acceleration vs. Time Graphs After
Page 45 and 46:
The variable represents the object
Page 47 and 48:
Note that there are certain conveni
Page 49 and 50:
1. . An athlete runs four laps of a
Page 51 and 52:
10. . A woman runs 40 m to the nort
Page 53 and 54:
We know the total distance the spri
Page 55 and 56:
Principles of Natural Philosophy. I
Page 57 and 58:
The component form of Newton’s Se
Page 59 and 60:
e in the direction. And since the s
Page 61 and 62:
which reflects its resistance to be
Page 63 and 64:
In the diagram above, the weight an
Page 65 and 66:
A student pushes a box that weighs
Page 67 and 68:
1. . Each of the figures below show
Page 69 and 70:
7. . In the figure above, a person
Page 71 and 72:
Since the block is motionless, the
Page 73 and 74:
When we are told that a person push
Page 75 and 76:
EXAMPLE A water balloon of mass m i
Page 77 and 78:
The graph above plots the force exe
Page 79 and 80:
Though energy is always measured in
Page 81 and 82:
there is a negative amount of work
Page 83 and 84:
smallest. The answer to question 3
Page 85 and 86:
Mechanical Energy Average Power Ins
Page 87 and 88:
to a height of 8 m over a time of 4
Page 89 and 90:
8. C When the book reaches the pers
Page 91 and 92:
determining what those right number
Page 93 and 94:
the ground. The system is initially
Page 95 and 96:
calculators, you almost certainly w
Page 97 and 98:
and minimize M.” With such a ques
Page 99 and 100:
2. WHAT IS THE ACCELERATION OF THE
Page 101 and 102:
Adding these two equations together
Page 103 and 104:
force of friction: . Using Newton
Page 105 and 106:
m, placed on a frictionless surface
Page 107 and 108:
Frequency is given in units of cycl
Page 109 and 110:
of the spring due to the gravitatio
Page 111 and 112:
The oscillation of a pendulum is mu
Page 113 and 114:
Velocity Calculating the velocity o
Page 115 and 116:
Practice Questions 1. . Two masses,
Page 117 and 118:
7. . An object of mass 3 kg is atta
Page 119 and 120:
Since the system is in equilibrium,
Page 121 and 122:
velocity, v. Linear momentum is den
Page 123 and 124:
Conservation of Momentum If we comb
Page 125 and 126:
As we might expect, the final veloc
Page 127 and 128:
A pool player hits the eight ball,
Page 129 and 130:
two-dimensional collision is effect
Page 131 and 132:
For a System of Two Particles For a
Page 133 and 134:
At the front end of the boat, the f
Page 135 and 136:
4. . A scattering experiment is don
Page 137 and 138:
1. B The athlete imparts a certain
Page 139 and 140:
7. E Momentum is conserved in this
Page 141 and 142:
The diver’s translational motion
Page 143 and 144:
30 π/6 45 π/4 60 π/3 90 π/2 180
Page 145 and 146:
elative position to one another. As
Page 147 and 148:
acceleration given its angular velo
Page 149 and 150: To find the direction of a rigid bo
Page 151 and 152: A student exerts a force of 50 N on
Page 153 and 154: The torque that produces the angula
Page 155 and 156: The masses in the figure above are
Page 157 and 158: an object sliding down a frictionle
Page 159 and 160: Velocity Average Angular Accelerati
Page 161 and 162: 3. . What is the direction of the a
Page 163 and 164: 1. D An object that experiences 120
Page 165 and 166: At the top of the incline, the disk
Page 167 and 168: from a Latin word meaning “center
Page 169 and 170: Newton’s Law of Universal Gravita
Page 171 and 172: when you are beneath the surface of
Page 173 and 174: EXAMPLE A satellite of mass is laun
Page 175 and 176: Kepler’s Laws After poring over t
Page 177 and 178: Practice Questions Questions 1-3 re
Page 179 and 180: 8. . A satellite orbits the Earth a
Page 181 and 182: Circumference and radius are relate
Page 183 and 184: learn how heat is transferred from
Page 185 and 186: heat, like rubber, have a high spec
Page 187 and 188: Just as specific heat tells us how
Page 189 and 190: Conduction is the transfer of heat
Page 191 and 192: Effectively, this equation tells us
Page 193 and 194: the way that it does. The Laws of T
Page 195 and 196: There are a number of equivalent fo
Page 197 and 198: If we know our formulas, this probl
Page 199: 5. . An ideal gas is enclosed in a
Page 203 and 204: The things we call atoms today are
Page 205 and 206: If they come up on SAT II Physics,
Page 207 and 208: will move in the opposite direction
Page 209 and 210: Work The work done to move a charge
Page 211 and 212: Much like gravitational potential e
Page 213 and 214: 3. . A particle of charge +2q exert
Page 215 and 216: 7. . A particle of charge +q is a d
Page 217 and 218: The vector sum of the three vectors
Page 219 and 220: Voltage The batteries we use in fla
Page 221 and 222: This equation tells us that we can
Page 223 and 224: If the two variables you know are a
Page 225 and 226: However, each resistor causes a vol
Page 227 and 228: So = 4 . WHAT IS THE CURRENT RUNNIN
Page 229 and 230: Consider again the circuit whose to
Page 231 and 232: This circuit consists of resistors
Page 233 and 234: The junction rule deals with “jun
Page 235 and 236: across the loop. We can express the
Page 237 and 238: capacitance is halved. The proporti
Page 239 and 240: The Greek letter is called the diel
Page 241 and 242: 4. . Two resistors, and , are ident
Page 243 and 244: 10. . A dielectric is inserted into
Page 245 and 246: The equivalent capacitance of two c
Page 247 and 248: The Earth itself acts like a huge b
Page 249 and 250: Because the velocity vector and the
Page 251 and 252:
A particle with a positive charge o
Page 253 and 254:
The constant is called the permeabi
Page 255 and 256:
1. . The pointer on a compass is th
Page 257 and 258:
7. . A positively charged particle
Page 259 and 260:
1. B To solve this problem, it is h
Page 261 and 262:
If the particle is to move at a con
Page 263 and 264:
flowing in the counterclockwise dir
Page 265 and 266:
Next, let’s calculate the flux th
Page 267 and 268:
Remember that field lines come out
Page 269 and 270:
Magnetic Flux Faraday’s Law / Len
Page 271 and 272:
5. . A wire carrying 5.0 V is appli
Page 273 and 274:
In this equation, A is the amplitud
Page 275 and 276:
Ernst attaches a stretched string t
Page 277 and 278:
A string is tied to a pole at one e
Page 279 and 280:
other. The principle of superpositi
Page 281 and 282:
Nodes The crests and troughs of a s
Page 283 and 284:
The Doppler Effect So far we have o
Page 285 and 286:
Practice Questions 1. . Which of th
Page 287 and 288:
6. . Two pulses travel along a stri
Page 289 and 290:
1. B Simple harmonic motion is defi
Page 291 and 292:
where and are the frequency heard b
Page 293 and 294:
A higher frequency—and thus a sho
Page 295 and 296:
The phenomenon of refraction result
Page 297 and 298:
Since we know that the ratio of / i
Page 299 and 300:
The four basic kinds of optical ins
Page 301 and 302:
You can test all this yourself with
Page 303 and 304:
Because is a positive number, we kn
Page 305 and 306:
As the diagram shows us, and as the
Page 307 and 308:
At any point P on the back screen,
Page 309 and 310:
Note that the pattern is brightest
Page 311 and 312:
One of the more common ways of test
Page 313 and 314:
3. . When the orange light passes f
Page 315 and 316:
9. . Sound waves do not exhibit pol
Page 317 and 318:
7. E Only concave mirrors and conve
Page 319 and 320:
For people who believed that light
Page 321 and 322:
What does this all mean? Time is re
Page 323 and 324:
A spaceship flying toward the Earth
Page 325 and 326:
Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment
Page 327 and 328:
The Wave Theory of Electromagnetic
Page 329 and 330:
The Problem with Rutherford’s Mod
Page 331 and 332:
Don’t worry: you don’t need to
Page 333 and 334:
A hydrogen atom is energized so tha
Page 335 and 336:
where is the uncertainty in a parti
Page 337 and 338:
electrons have mass, it is so negli
Page 339 and 340:
chapters on mechanics are the resul
Page 341 and 342:
You won’t need to calculate the n
Page 343 and 344:
Photoelectro n Radius of Electron O
Page 345 and 346:
5. . An electron is accelerated thr
Page 347 and 348:
according to the formula , where l
Page 349 and 350:
In radioactive substances, the numb
Page 351 and 352:
A scale for measuring temperature,
Page 353 and 354:
The points of maximum displacement
Page 355 and 356:
Electromagnetic spectrum The spectr
Page 357 and 358:
The amount of time it takes for one
Page 359 and 360:
Given the period, T, and semimajor
Page 361 and 362:
The substance that is displaced as
Page 363 and 364:
A back-and-forth movement about an
Page 365 and 366:
Refracted ray Refraction Restoring
Page 367 and 368:
T Tail Tangent A body or set of bod
Page 369 and 370:
Weber Weight The force involved in
Page 371 and 372:
pinpointing what you need to study
Page 373:
If you got a question wrong because
show all

Introduction to SAT II Physics - FreeExamPapers

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?