Introduction to SAT II Physics - FreeExamPapers

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simply the product of the current and the resistance. The voltage drop across the two resistors is: Note that the voltage drop across the two resistors is 10 V + 20 V = 30 V, which is the total voltage drop across the circuit. Resistors in Parallel Two resistors are in parallel when the circuit splits in two and one resistor is placed on each of the two branches. In this circumstance, it is often useful to calculate the equivalent resistance as if there were only one resistor, rather than deal with each resistor individually. Calculating the equivalent resistance of two or more resistors in parallel is a little more complicated than calculating the total resistance of two or more resistors in series. Given two resistors, and , in parallel, the equivalent resistance, , is: When a circuit splits in two, the current is divided between the two branches, though the current through each resistor will not necessarily be the same. The voltage drop must be the same across both resistors, so the current will be stronger for a weaker resistor, and vice versa. EXAMPLE Two resistors, = 5 and = 20 , are set up in parallel, as in the diagram above. The battery produces a potential difference of = 12 V. What is the total resistance in the circuit? What is the current running through and ? What is the power dissipated in the resistors? WHAT IS THE TOTAL RESISTANCE IN THE CIRCUIT? Answering this question is just a matter of plugging numbers into the formula for resistors in parallel. 226
So = 4 . WHAT IS THE CURRENT RUNNING THROUGH R1 AND R2? We know that the total voltage drop is 12 V, and since the voltage drop is the same across all the branches of a set of resistors in parallel, we know that the voltage drop across both resistors will be 12 V. That means we just need to apply Ohm’s Law twice, once to each resistor: If we apply Ohm’s Law to the total resistance in the system, we find that = (12 V)/(4 ) = 3 A. As we might expect, the total current through the system is the sum of the current through each of the two branches. The current is split into two parts when it branches into the resistors in parallel, but the total current remains the same throughout the whole circuit. This fact is captured in the junction rule we will examine when we look at Kirchhoff’s Rules. WHAT IS THE POWER DISSIPATED IN THE RESISTORS? Recalling that P = I 2 R, we can solve for the power dissipated through each resistor individually, and in the circuit as a whole. Let be the power dissipated in , the power dissipated in , and the power dissipated in . Note that + = . Circuits with Resistors in Parallel and in Series Now that you know how to deal with resistors in parallel and resistors in series, you have all the tools to approach a circuit that has resistors both in parallel and in series. Let’s take a look at an example of such a circuit, and follow two important steps to determine the total resistance of the circuit. 227
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SATII PHYSICS (FROM SPARKNOTES.COM)
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The Good • Because SAT II Subject
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Which SAT II Subject Tests to Take
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After grumbling, however, you still
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Waves 15-19% 11-15 Waves 10% 7-8 Op
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negative, so E, and not A, is the c
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including them anyway because it’
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Two positively charged particles, o
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will a visual representation reliev
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Physics Hint 6: Be Flexible Knowing
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There are a number of ways to label
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Adding Parallel Vectors If the vect
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The result of multiplying A by c is
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neither parallel nor perpendicular.
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Suppose the hands on a clock are ve
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Vector Addition Practice Questions
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2. A The vector 2A has a magnitude
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path, Alan has traveled a much grea
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school student called Andrea. Andre
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centimeters to the left of its star
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We can learn two things about the a
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Acceleration vs. Time Graphs After
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The variable represents the object
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Note that there are certain conveni
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1. . An athlete runs four laps of a
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10. . A woman runs 40 m to the nort
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We know the total distance the spri
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Principles of Natural Philosophy. I
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The component form of Newton’s Se
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e in the direction. And since the s
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which reflects its resistance to be
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In the diagram above, the weight an
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A student pushes a box that weighs
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1. . Each of the figures below show
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7. . In the figure above, a person
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Since the block is motionless, the
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When we are told that a person push
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EXAMPLE A water balloon of mass m i
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The graph above plots the force exe
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Though energy is always measured in
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there is a negative amount of work
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smallest. The answer to question 3
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Mechanical Energy Average Power Ins
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to a height of 8 m over a time of 4
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8. C When the book reaches the pers
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determining what those right number
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the ground. The system is initially
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calculators, you almost certainly w
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and minimize M.” With such a ques
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2. WHAT IS THE ACCELERATION OF THE
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Adding these two equations together
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force of friction: . Using Newton
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m, placed on a frictionless surface
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Frequency is given in units of cycl
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of the spring due to the gravitatio
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The oscillation of a pendulum is mu
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Velocity Calculating the velocity o
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Practice Questions 1. . Two masses,
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7. . An object of mass 3 kg is atta
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Since the system is in equilibrium,
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velocity, v. Linear momentum is den
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Conservation of Momentum If we comb
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As we might expect, the final veloc
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A pool player hits the eight ball,
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two-dimensional collision is effect
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For a System of Two Particles For a
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At the front end of the boat, the f
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4. . A scattering experiment is don
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1. B The athlete imparts a certain
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7. E Momentum is conserved in this
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The diver’s translational motion
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30 π/6 45 π/4 60 π/3 90 π/2 180
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elative position to one another. As
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acceleration given its angular velo
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To find the direction of a rigid bo
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A student exerts a force of 50 N on
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The torque that produces the angula
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The masses in the figure above are
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an object sliding down a frictionle
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Velocity Average Angular Accelerati
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3. . What is the direction of the a
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1. D An object that experiences 120
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At the top of the incline, the disk
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from a Latin word meaning “center
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Newton’s Law of Universal Gravita
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when you are beneath the surface of
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EXAMPLE A satellite of mass is laun
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Page 177 and 178: Practice Questions Questions 1-3 re
Page 179 and 180: 8. . A satellite orbits the Earth a
Page 181 and 182: Circumference and radius are relate
Page 183 and 184: learn how heat is transferred from
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Page 187 and 188: Just as specific heat tells us how
Page 189 and 190: Conduction is the transfer of heat
Page 191 and 192: Effectively, this equation tells us
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Page 197 and 198: If we know our formulas, this probl
Page 199 and 200: 5. . An ideal gas is enclosed in a
Page 201 and 202: Asphalt, like most materials, has a
Page 203 and 204: The things we call atoms today are
Page 205 and 206: If they come up on SAT II Physics,
Page 207 and 208: will move in the opposite direction
Page 209 and 210: Work The work done to move a charge
Page 211 and 212: Much like gravitational potential e
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Page 219 and 220: Voltage The batteries we use in fla
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Page 225: However, each resistor causes a vol
Page 229 and 230: Consider again the circuit whose to
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Page 241 and 242: 4. . Two resistors, and , are ident
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Page 247 and 248: The Earth itself acts like a huge b
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Page 253 and 254: The constant is called the permeabi
Page 255 and 256: 1. . The pointer on a compass is th
Page 257 and 258: 7. . A positively charged particle
Page 259 and 260: 1. B To solve this problem, it is h
Page 261 and 262: If the particle is to move at a con
Page 263 and 264: flowing in the counterclockwise dir
Page 265 and 266: Next, let’s calculate the flux th
Page 267 and 268: Remember that field lines come out
Page 269 and 270: Magnetic Flux Faraday’s Law / Len
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Page 273 and 274: In this equation, A is the amplitud
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A string is tied to a pole at one e
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other. The principle of superpositi
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Nodes The crests and troughs of a s
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The Doppler Effect So far we have o
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Practice Questions 1. . Which of th
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6. . Two pulses travel along a stri
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1. B Simple harmonic motion is defi
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where and are the frequency heard b
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A higher frequency—and thus a sho
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The phenomenon of refraction result
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Since we know that the ratio of / i
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The four basic kinds of optical ins
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You can test all this yourself with
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Because is a positive number, we kn
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As the diagram shows us, and as the
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At any point P on the back screen,
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Note that the pattern is brightest
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One of the more common ways of test
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3. . When the orange light passes f
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9. . Sound waves do not exhibit pol
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7. E Only concave mirrors and conve
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For people who believed that light
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What does this all mean? Time is re
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A spaceship flying toward the Earth
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Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment
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The Wave Theory of Electromagnetic
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The Problem with Rutherford’s Mod
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Don’t worry: you don’t need to
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A hydrogen atom is energized so tha
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where is the uncertainty in a parti
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electrons have mass, it is so negli
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chapters on mechanics are the resul
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You won’t need to calculate the n
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Photoelectro n Radius of Electron O
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5. . An electron is accelerated thr
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according to the formula , where l
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In radioactive substances, the numb
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A scale for measuring temperature,
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The points of maximum displacement
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Electromagnetic spectrum The spectr
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The amount of time it takes for one
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Given the period, T, and semimajor
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The substance that is displaced as
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A back-and-forth movement about an
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Refracted ray Refraction Restoring
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T Tail Tangent A body or set of bod
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Weber Weight The force involved in
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pinpointing what you need to study
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If you got a question wrong because
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