Introduction to SAT II Physics - FreeExamPapers

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Now that we know the current across each resistor, calculating the power dissipated is a straightforward application of the formula P = I 2 R: Common Devices in Circuits In real life (and on SAT II Physics) it is possible to hook devices up to a circuit that will read off the potential difference or current at a certain point in the circuit. These devices provide SAT II Physics with a handy means of testing your knowledge of circuits. Voltmeters and Ammeters A voltmeter, designated: measures the voltage across a wire. It is connected in parallel with the stretch of wire whose voltage is being measured, since an equal voltage crosses both branches of two wires connected in parallel. An ammeter, designated: is connected in series. It measures the current passing through that point on the circuit. EXAMPLE In the diagram above, = 9 V, = 5 , = 5 , and = 20 . What are the values measured by the ammeter and the voltmeter? WHAT DOES THE AMMETER READ? Since the ammeter is not connected in parallel with any other branch in the circuit, the reading on the ammeter will be the total current in the circuit. We can use Ohm’s Law to determine the total current in the circuit, but only if we first determine the total resistance in the circuit. 230
This circuit consists of resistors in parallel and in series, an arrangement we have looked at before. Following the same two steps as we did last time, we can calculate the total resistance in the circuit: 1. Determine the equivalent resistance of the resistors in parallel. We can conclude that = 4 . 1. Treating the equivalent resistance of the resistors in parallel as a single resistor, calculate the total resistance by adding resistors in series. Given that the total resistance is 9 the total current is: and the total voltage is 9 V, Ohm’s Law tells us that The ammeter will read 1 A. WHAT DOES THE VOLTMETER READ? The voltmeter is connected in parallel with and , so it will register the voltage drop across these two resistors. Recall that the voltage drop across resistors in parallel is the same for each resistor. We know that the total voltage drop across the circuit is 9 V. Some of this voltage drop will take place across , and the rest of the voltage drop will take place across the resistors in parallel. By calculating the voltage drop across and subtracting from 9 V, we will have the voltage drop across the resistors in parallel, which is what the voltmeter measures. If the voltage drop across is 5 V, then the voltage drop across the resistors in parallel is 9 V – 5 V = 4 V. This is what the voltmeter reads. Fuses 231
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SATII PHYSICS (FROM SPARKNOTES.COM)
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The Good • Because SAT II Subject
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Which SAT II Subject Tests to Take
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After grumbling, however, you still
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Waves 15-19% 11-15 Waves 10% 7-8 Op
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negative, so E, and not A, is the c
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including them anyway because it’
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Two positively charged particles, o
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will a visual representation reliev
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Physics Hint 6: Be Flexible Knowing
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There are a number of ways to label
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Adding Parallel Vectors If the vect
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The result of multiplying A by c is
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neither parallel nor perpendicular.
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Suppose the hands on a clock are ve
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Vector Addition Practice Questions
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2. A The vector 2A has a magnitude
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path, Alan has traveled a much grea
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school student called Andrea. Andre
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centimeters to the left of its star
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We can learn two things about the a
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Acceleration vs. Time Graphs After
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The variable represents the object
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Note that there are certain conveni
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1. . An athlete runs four laps of a
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10. . A woman runs 40 m to the nort
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We know the total distance the spri
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Principles of Natural Philosophy. I
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The component form of Newton’s Se
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e in the direction. And since the s
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which reflects its resistance to be
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In the diagram above, the weight an
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A student pushes a box that weighs
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1. . Each of the figures below show
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7. . In the figure above, a person
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Since the block is motionless, the
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When we are told that a person push
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EXAMPLE A water balloon of mass m i
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The graph above plots the force exe
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Though energy is always measured in
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there is a negative amount of work
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smallest. The answer to question 3
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Mechanical Energy Average Power Ins
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to a height of 8 m over a time of 4
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8. C When the book reaches the pers
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determining what those right number
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the ground. The system is initially
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calculators, you almost certainly w
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and minimize M.” With such a ques
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2. WHAT IS THE ACCELERATION OF THE
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Adding these two equations together
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force of friction: . Using Newton
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m, placed on a frictionless surface
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Frequency is given in units of cycl
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of the spring due to the gravitatio
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The oscillation of a pendulum is mu
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Velocity Calculating the velocity o
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Practice Questions 1. . Two masses,
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7. . An object of mass 3 kg is atta
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Since the system is in equilibrium,
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velocity, v. Linear momentum is den
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Conservation of Momentum If we comb
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As we might expect, the final veloc
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A pool player hits the eight ball,
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two-dimensional collision is effect
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For a System of Two Particles For a
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At the front end of the boat, the f
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4. . A scattering experiment is don
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1. B The athlete imparts a certain
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7. E Momentum is conserved in this
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The diver’s translational motion
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30 π/6 45 π/4 60 π/3 90 π/2 180
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elative position to one another. As
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acceleration given its angular velo
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To find the direction of a rigid bo
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A student exerts a force of 50 N on
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The torque that produces the angula
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The masses in the figure above are
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an object sliding down a frictionle
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Velocity Average Angular Accelerati
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3. . What is the direction of the a
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1. D An object that experiences 120
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At the top of the incline, the disk
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from a Latin word meaning “center
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Newton’s Law of Universal Gravita
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when you are beneath the surface of
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EXAMPLE A satellite of mass is laun
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Kepler’s Laws After poring over t
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Practice Questions Questions 1-3 re
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Page 187 and 188: Just as specific heat tells us how
Page 189 and 190: Conduction is the transfer of heat
Page 191 and 192: Effectively, this equation tells us
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Page 197 and 198: If we know our formulas, this probl
Page 199 and 200: 5. . An ideal gas is enclosed in a
Page 201 and 202: Asphalt, like most materials, has a
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Page 207 and 208: will move in the opposite direction
Page 209 and 210: Work The work done to move a charge
Page 211 and 212: Much like gravitational potential e
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Page 219 and 220: Voltage The batteries we use in fla
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Page 225 and 226: However, each resistor causes a vol
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Page 229: Consider again the circuit whose to
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Page 241 and 242: 4. . Two resistors, and , are ident
Page 243 and 244: 10. . A dielectric is inserted into
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Page 263 and 264: flowing in the counterclockwise dir
Page 265 and 266: Next, let’s calculate the flux th
Page 267 and 268: Remember that field lines come out
Page 269 and 270: Magnetic Flux Faraday’s Law / Len
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Page 273 and 274: In this equation, A is the amplitud
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Nodes The crests and troughs of a s
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The Doppler Effect So far we have o
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Practice Questions 1. . Which of th
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6. . Two pulses travel along a stri
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1. B Simple harmonic motion is defi
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where and are the frequency heard b
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A higher frequency—and thus a sho
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The phenomenon of refraction result
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Since we know that the ratio of / i
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The four basic kinds of optical ins
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You can test all this yourself with
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Because is a positive number, we kn
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As the diagram shows us, and as the
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At any point P on the back screen,
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Note that the pattern is brightest
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One of the more common ways of test
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3. . When the orange light passes f
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9. . Sound waves do not exhibit pol
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7. E Only concave mirrors and conve
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For people who believed that light
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What does this all mean? Time is re
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A spaceship flying toward the Earth
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Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment
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The Wave Theory of Electromagnetic
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The Problem with Rutherford’s Mod
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Don’t worry: you don’t need to
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A hydrogen atom is energized so tha
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where is the uncertainty in a parti
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electrons have mass, it is so negli
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chapters on mechanics are the resul
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You won’t need to calculate the n
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Photoelectro n Radius of Electron O
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5. . An electron is accelerated thr
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according to the formula , where l
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In radioactive substances, the numb
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A scale for measuring temperature,
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The points of maximum displacement
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Electromagnetic spectrum The spectr
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The amount of time it takes for one
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Given the period, T, and semimajor
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The substance that is displaced as
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A back-and-forth movement about an
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Refracted ray Refraction Restoring
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T Tail Tangent A body or set of bod
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Weber Weight The force involved in
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pinpointing what you need to study
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If you got a question wrong because
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