Promoting Resource Efficiency in Small & Medium size ... - UNEP

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1,2 1 Water consumption in litres per bottle 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 1 41 81 121 161 201 241 281 321 361 401 Time in minutes after start of analysis line 1 line 2 target line 1 target line 2 average line 1 average line 2 Figure 20: Analysis of daily specific water consumption of two bottle-washing lines in a South African brewery (litres per bottle washed over time in minutes from start of analysis) 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 Water consumption in litres per bottle Figure 21: The correlation between daily production (in hl) over water consumption in litres per bottle 28
In Figure 21 the increase in variation that correlates to the decrease of production indicates a deficit of process control. From the extrapolation of the interpolation line towards high production, the optimum consumption can be derived. Plotting a similar diagram with total daily water consumption and extrapolation of daily water consumption towards zero production would show fixed consumption, e.g. for daily cleaning. 3.5 Act In the ‘Act’ phase the following elements are important: • Preparation of an action plan • Continued implementation of Resource Efficiency options (maybe in another thematic area) • Monitoring and reviewing of performance • Rewarding good performance; do not forget to reward the ones behind the success! Prepare an action plan to track implementation of Resource Efficiency goals and prepare regular reports to management on the progress to justify time and resources used on the programme. 3.6 Overlaps in the thematic areas As shown in table 9, there are a number of overlaps in efficient use of water, energy, materials and chemicals. 3.7 Why Resource Efficiency is safe and profitable at the same time Implementing Resource Efficiency will make your company more cost-effective. Use materials, energy, fuel and other resources more efficiently and cut the cost of waste disposal and input purchases. Resource Efficiency projects let you benefit from improved cash flow, because of reduced expenses for materials and energy and more rapid return on investment because of less fixed capital for stored materials and chemicals. Companies practicing Resource Efficiency reduce environmental and business risks, thereby increasing their credit-worthiness. You can also improve your financial performance by building a portfolio of environmentally sound and socially responsible investments. A basic premise behind safer production is that reducing hazard, rather than controlling exposure, most effectively manages chemical risk. This means it is safer to choose inherently less hazardous chemicals rather than attempt to control the exposure risk of a hazardous chemical, which is the traditional thinking behind risk management. Exposure controls can and do fail, and products are used in ways that were never intended. Therefore the most effective means to reduce risk is to reduce hazard by using inherently safer chemicals. Your company will become more competitive, as Resource Efficiency practices improve your image and the quality and safety of your products. Resource Efficiency also reduces environmental, health and liability risks and, by conforming to environmental standards, your company can export to new markets. The following case study illustrates the importance of making Resource Efficiency an ongoing goal and the results to expect from a sustained effort. The company in the following case study started implementing a Resource Efficiency programme in 1997 as part of a regional environmental programme. Over the years, the company continued stepping up their environmental management system and expanded to a full-fledged integrated management system, including quality management, health and safety, risk and innovation management. Secondary Overlap Water Energy Materials and waste Chemicals Health and safety Water - Less water means less energy for pumping, less water as solvent means less energy e.g. for drying, recovery of hot water means less energy to heat water Less water consumption means less need for treatment and often less sludge to treat and to dispose of Less water means less chemicals for physical chemical treatment of water and wastewater Water spills can cause slippery ground, electric defects and cause accidents Energy Materials Chemicals Less energy means less need for cooling (water for once through cooling or for boiler and cooling tower) Less material losses mean less need for cleaning Less spills mean less water for cleaning, less chemicals mean less risk for wastewater load - Less energy means less fuel and coal to transport and manipulate Less material losses mean less energy for recycling (for milling waste, for melting recycling material) Less chemicals require less use of ventilation, extraction and eventual treatment of exhaust gas (e.g. by post combustion) Less need for water makeup means less need for water treatment (biocides, anti foulants, physical-chemical treatment of water) - Less processing of materials often means less auxiliary materials (additives, lubricants) Less use of chemicals means less need to clean up spillages by absorbents, generates less waste from neutralizing or disposing of residual chemicals Hot surfaces, steam leaks or hot liquids can hurt workers Uncontrolled dust can cause lung problems for workers or even explosion problems - Spills of chemicals can cause accidents and emissions which endanger workers health Table 9: Overlaps between water efficiency, energy conservation, material efficiency and chemicals 29
Page 1 and 2: PRE-SME - Promoting Resource Effici
Page 3 and 4: PRE-SME - Promoting Resource Effici
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents 1 THE PRE-SME PRO
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents 10 LAWS, REGULATI
Page 10 and 11: 6 One
Page 12 and 13: 8 Two
Page 14 and 15: Total Population Land Area Figure 1
Page 16 and 17: When done properly, Resource Effici
Page 18 and 19: 50 40 30 20 10 0 Sr Ag Sb Au Zn As
Page 20 and 21: It is evident that MIPS could be us
Page 22 and 23: Hazardous substances and dangerous
Page 24 and 25: 20 Three
Page 26 and 27: Personnel from across the company c
Page 28 and 29: Purchased 10 kg Einkaufsmenge 10.0k
Page 30 and 31: 3.4 Check In the ‘Check’ phase,
Page 34 and 35: Case Study: Anodisieranstalt A. Heu
Page 36 and 37: Detailed assessment: Water efficien
Page 38 and 39: ivers are so badly polluted that no
Page 40 and 41: 4.3 HOW: Implement a water saving p
Page 42 and 43: Step 3: Benchmark Performance Bench
Page 44 and 45: Case Study: Ngege Ltd, Uganda (Prep
Page 46 and 47: educe water use by 85%). Promote th
Page 48 and 49: Detailed assessment: Energy efficie
Page 50 and 51: 120 100 History of Consumption Proj
Page 52 and 53: Step 1: Collect data The prime obje
Page 54 and 55: • 22°C reduction in flue gas tem
Page 56 and 57: • Paint ceilings and walls white.
Page 58 and 59: Detailed assessment: Materials effi
Page 60 and 61: Development of copper consumption T
Page 62 and 63: Quick Win Map Steps Explained Basic
Page 64 and 65: plastic grocery bag has been reduce
Page 66: • Clean air conditioning and refr
Page 69 and 70: Detailed assessment: Waste minimisa
Page 71 and 72: 7.2.3 Waste in numbers 62 Total was
Page 73 and 74: What Type of Waste Does Your Busine
Page 75 and 76: • Return obsolete materials to su
Page 77 and 78: Detailed assessment: Chemical effic
Page 79 and 80: ignited by a high energy source. It
Page 81 and 82: 8.2 WHY: Chemical efficiency benefi
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Exploding bomb Flame Flame over cir
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products and services are being del
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Severity scale (Impact on company i
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Examples: • Overalls, aprons, gow
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neighbours, etc. If you are in doub
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Benchmarks This chapter provides se
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9.2 Benchmarks for the leather sect
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9.3 Benchmarks for paper production
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Table 32 gives options for the redu
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Table 41 to Table 45 show electrici
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9.6 Benchmarks for bread production
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Years manufactured Gravity tank sty
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Laws, regulations and standards 10.
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105
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Worksheet 1: Main products/services
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Worksheet 3: Energy data Company: R
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Worksheet 5: Flowchart (example) No
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Worksheet 7: Register of hazardous
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Worksheet 9: Risk assessment sheet
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Worksheet 11: Resource Efficiency p
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Worksheet 12: PRE-SME Report templa
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Worksheet 12: PRE-SME Report templa
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123
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12.1 References Association for the
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UNEP, Safer Production, http://www.
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13.1 Unit Conversions APPROXIMATE C
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13.2 Steam Tables of Water Absolute
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About the UNEP Division of Technolo
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