Promoting Resource Efficiency in Small & Medium size ... - UNEP

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Quick Win Map Step 1: Identify Substances Step 2: Determine Hazardous Substances Step 3: Draw a Flowchart Step 4: Identify Risks Step 5: Consider Options Step 6: Evaluate Option and Implement Programme Steps Explained Identify all substances used in the work area, their sources and transportation too and from the plant Determine if substances are hazardous with labelling and MSDS Basic Reference (included in the electronic version of the toolkit) Advanced Reference (included in the electronic version of the toolkit) Identify substances • Hazardous Materials Worksheet Hazardous substances • Hazardous Materials Worksheet • Checklist hazardous materials Create a chemical flowchart Flowchart • Use the flowcharting programme to create a chemicals flowchart Identity health, environmental, social and economic risks Consider options from literature, other industries’ experiences and/or recommendations from RE, CP and SP service providers. Undergo brainstorming session with your team Evaluate option, compile and implement programme (link to PDCA) Identify risks • Hazard Classification and Control Banding Consider options • Further detailed process and sector related options, see Virtual Assessment Link to DO-phase • Compile a programme and return to the PDCA cycle Table 19: Quick Win Map Where is this information found? • Purchasing records • Stock control records • Inventories • Suppliers product information • Sales records • On the product label Minimum information to include in a Chemical Inventory: • The chemical name, trade name/Chemical Abstract numbers (CAS) number • Where it can be found, stored and/or used • Amount in use • R-Phrases/GHS classification • The whereabouts of MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) and their availability in the language of the workforce • Notes about handling, use, storage, disposal conditions, etc. • Whether the chemical is an individual substances or mixes (formulas) • Whether the chemical releases vapours in handling, mixing or production • If the chemical is generated during work activities (e.g. dust, fumes from welding) • Whether the chemical is used as an auxiliary (e.g. fats, liquors, dyes, paints, adhesives) • Whether the chemical is used for purposes other than production, such as cleaning workplaces and maintaining machinery (e.g. detergents, disinfectants, solvents, greases, fuels) • Whether the chemical is found in the final product Step 2: Identify Hazardous Substances The following sources can be used to obtain critical information on hazardous substances: • Safety data sheets of chemical substances • Labels attached to the chemicals packaging • Technical manuals of the equipment • Legal regulations and technical standards • Scientific and technical literature • Records of work accidents and occupational diseases • Interviews with workers Importance of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) An MSDS of a chemical substance contains details of the hazards associated with this specific substance and gives information on its safe use. Your chemical supplier should always include this information when delivering the chemical. An MSDS: • Helps you determine the effect of the chemical on end products (e.g. intended characteristics, quality, etc.) • Allows you to determine chemical compatibility and do proper mixing • Gives information about proper storage and handling (e.g. ventilation) • Enables you to prevent losses from the expiry of materials • Indicates appropriate security precautions and needed controls, including the use of personal protection equipment • Spells out emergency procedures in case of spills, fire and explosion • Indicates steps for first-aid • Specifies the hazard level, which gives clues about the possible effects on water, soil, human health • Specifies the flashpoint (the lowest temperature at which a chemical releases flammable vapour); the lower the flashpoint, the more hazardous the chemical is as a source of fuel for fire or explosion • Specifies the boiling point, which is used to determine volatility; the lower the boiling point, the higher the volatility 89 International Chemical Safety Cards in different languages are available from www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcs/icstart.html indexed by their CAS. They can provide an orientation about chemicals, properties, and appropriate safety measures in case information on products is lacking. Labelling: To harmonize communication on hazardous chemicals and facilitate global trade, the United Nations, the International Labour Organization (ILO), 89) GTZ, Chemical Management Guide for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: Improve Chemical Management to Gain Cost Savings, Reduce Hazards and Improve Safety, 2006 78
Exploding bomb Flame Flame over circle Explosives Self-reactives Organic peroxides Flammables Self-reactives Pyrophorics Self-heating Emission of flammable gases Oxidizers Organic peroxides Gas cylinder Corrosion Scull and crossbones Gases under pressure Corrosives Acute toxicity (severe) Exclamation mark Health hazard Environment Irritant Dermal sensitizer Acute toxicity (harmful) Carcinogen Respiratory sensitizer Reproductive Target organ toxicity Mutagenicity Environmental toxicity Table 20: Explanation of GHS pictograms 90 the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and various other governments and stakeholders developed a “Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)”. The GHS includes the following elements: • Harmonised criteria for classifying substances and mixtures according to their health, environmental and physical hazards • Harmonised hazard communication elements, including requirements for labelling and safety data sheets. The GHS addresses classification of chemicals by types of hazard and proposes harmonised hazard communication elements, including labels and safety data sheets. The major objective of the GHS is to ensure that information on physical hazards and toxicity from chemicals is available in order to enhance the protection of human health and the environment during the handling, transport and use of these chemicals. Target audiences for the GHS are consumers, workers, transport workers and emergency responders. Provide this information to all employees (including maintenance workers and contractors) who may be exposed to the substances should be provided with GHS information and instruction chemical identification. The information should be provided in their language and make provision for employees who cannot read. Table 20 shows the GHS symbols (pictograms) that are allocated to the different hazard classes: Transport labelling: For transport labelling two systems exist: labelling according to the GHS and labelling according to the transport regulations. The classification criteria of the GHS are based on the UN “Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods”. Within the UN classification system for the transport of dangerous goods, products (including mixtures and solutions) and articles subject to these regulations are assigned to one of nine classes according to the hazard or the most predominant of the hazards they present. Some of these classes are subdivided into divisions. These classes are: Class 1: Explosives (Divisions 1.1 – 1.6) Class 2: Gases (Divisions 2.1 – 2.3) Class 3: Flammable liquids Class 4: Flammable solids; substances liable to spontaneous combustion; substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (Divisions 4.1 – 4.3) Class 5: Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides (Divisions 5.1 – 5.2) Class 6: Toxic and infectious substances (Divisions 6.1 – 6.2) Class 7: Radioactive material Class 8: Corrosive substances Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles 90) Adopted from: UNECE, Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, undated 79
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PRE-SME - Promoting Resource Effici
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PRE-SME - Promoting Resource Effici
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Table of Contents 1 THE PRE-SME PRO
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Table of Contents 10 LAWS, REGULATI
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6 One
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8 Two
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Total Population Land Area Figure 1
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When done properly, Resource Effici
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50 40 30 20 10 0 Sr Ag Sb Au Zn As
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It is evident that MIPS could be us
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Hazardous substances and dangerous
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20 Three
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Personnel from across the company c
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Purchased 10 kg Einkaufsmenge 10.0k
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3.4 Check In the ‘Check’ phase,
Page 32 and 33: 1,2 1 Water consumption in litres p
Page 34 and 35: Case Study: Anodisieranstalt A. Heu
Page 36 and 37: Detailed assessment: Water efficien
Page 38 and 39: ivers are so badly polluted that no
Page 40 and 41: 4.3 HOW: Implement a water saving p
Page 42 and 43: Step 3: Benchmark Performance Bench
Page 44 and 45: Case Study: Ngege Ltd, Uganda (Prep
Page 46 and 47: educe water use by 85%). Promote th
Page 48 and 49: Detailed assessment: Energy efficie
Page 50 and 51: 120 100 History of Consumption Proj
Page 52 and 53: Step 1: Collect data The prime obje
Page 54 and 55: • 22°C reduction in flue gas tem
Page 56 and 57: • Paint ceilings and walls white.
Page 58 and 59: Detailed assessment: Materials effi
Page 60 and 61: Development of copper consumption T
Page 62 and 63: Quick Win Map Steps Explained Basic
Page 64 and 65: plastic grocery bag has been reduce
Page 66: • Clean air conditioning and refr
Page 69 and 70: Detailed assessment: Waste minimisa
Page 71 and 72: 7.2.3 Waste in numbers 62 Total was
Page 73 and 74: What Type of Waste Does Your Busine
Page 75 and 76: • Return obsolete materials to su
Page 77 and 78: Detailed assessment: Chemical effic
Page 79 and 80: ignited by a high energy source. It
Page 81: 8.2 WHY: Chemical efficiency benefi
Page 85 and 86: products and services are being del
Page 87 and 88: Severity scale (Impact on company i
Page 89 and 90: Examples: • Overalls, aprons, gow
Page 91 and 92: neighbours, etc. If you are in doub
Page 93 and 94: Benchmarks This chapter provides se
Page 95 and 96: 9.2 Benchmarks for the leather sect
Page 97 and 98: 9.3 Benchmarks for paper production
Page 99 and 100: Table 32 gives options for the redu
Page 101 and 102: Table 41 to Table 45 show electrici
Page 103 and 104: 9.6 Benchmarks for bread production
Page 105 and 106: Years manufactured Gravity tank sty
Page 107 and 108: Laws, regulations and standards 10.
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Page 111 and 112: Worksheet 1: Main products/services
Page 113 and 114: Worksheet 3: Energy data Company: R
Page 115 and 116: Worksheet 5: Flowchart (example) No
Page 117 and 118: Worksheet 7: Register of hazardous
Page 119 and 120: Worksheet 9: Risk assessment sheet
Page 121 and 122: Worksheet 11: Resource Efficiency p
Page 123 and 124: Worksheet 12: PRE-SME Report templa
Page 125 and 126: Worksheet 12: PRE-SME Report templa
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Page 129 and 130: 12.1 References Association for the
Page 131 and 132: UNEP, Safer Production, http://www.
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13.1 Unit Conversions APPROXIMATE C
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13.2 Steam Tables of Water Absolute
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About the UNEP Division of Technolo
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Promoting Resource Efficiency in Small & Medium size ... - UNEP

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