Promoting Resource Efficiency in Small & Medium size ... - UNEP

Table of Contents
1 THE PRE-SME PROJECT.......................................................................................................................6
2 BASIC CONCEPTS...............................................................................................................................8
2.1 Resource Efficiency.................................................................................................................................................................9
2.2 Serious threats: Global warming, deforestation, water and resource scarcity.......................................................................12
2.2.1 Global warming................................................................................................................................................................................12
2.2.2 Deforestation....................................................................................................................................................................................13
2.2.3 Water security...................................................................................................................................................................................13
2.2.4 Resource scarcity..............................................................................................................................................................................14
2.2.5 Scarcity of raw materials and war......................................................................................................................................................14
2.3 Life cycle analysis.................................................................................................................................................................15
2.4 Indicators for Resource Efficiency........................................................................................................................................15
2.4.1 Dematerialisation: Material intensity per unit of service....................................................................................................................15
2.4.2 Decarbonisation: Carbon footprint....................................................................................................................................................16
2.5 Cleaner Production...............................................................................................................................................................17
2.6 Safer Production for Hazardous Materials............................................................................................................................17
2.7 Integrated Management Systems..........................................................................................................................................18
2.8 Benchmarking.......................................................................................................................................................................18
2.9 The Deming Cycle – Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA)..................................................................................................................19
3 A MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO PRE-SME............................................................................................... 20
3.1 A systematic approach to PRE-SME.....................................................................................................................................21
3.2 Plan.......................................................................................................................................................................................21
3.3 Do.........................................................................................................................................................................................23
3.4 Check....................................................................................................................................................................................26
3.5 Act........................................................................................................................................................................................29
3.6 Overlaps in the thematic areas..............................................................................................................................................29
3.7 Why Resource Efficiency is safe and profitable at the same time..........................................................................................29
4 DETAILED ASSESSMENT: WATER EFFICIENCY........................................................................................... 32
4.1 WHAT: Problems related to water consumption of SMEs......................................................................................................33
4.1.1. Increasing demand for water.............................................................................................................................................................33
4.1.2. Water scarcity and unsustainable supply..........................................................................................................................................33
4.1.3. Declining water quality.....................................................................................................................................................................33
4.2 WHY: Water saving benefits for SMEs..................................................................................................................................34
4.3 HOW: Implement a water saving programme.......................................................................................................................36
4.4 CHECKLIST: Water saving.....................................................................................................................................................40
4.4.1 Transportation...................................................................................................................................................................................40
4.4.2 Toilets/urinals...................................................................................................................................................................................40
4.4.3 Taps/shower.....................................................................................................................................................................................40
4.4.4 Cleaning...........................................................................................................................................................................................41
4.4.5 Laundry............................................................................................................................................................................................41
4.4.6 Canteen............................................................................................................................................................................................41
4.4.7 Garden..............................................................................................................................................................................................41
4.4.8 Laboratory........................................................................................................................................................................................41
4.4.9 Office................................................................................................................................................................................................42
4.4.10 Water for cleaning and rinsing..........................................................................................................................................................42
4.4.11 Boiler................................................................................................................................................................................................42
4.4.12 Steam system...................................................................................................................................................................................42
4.4.13 Air conditioning................................................................................................................................................................................42
4.4.14 Cooling.............................................................................................................................................................................................42
4.4.15 Water treatment.................................................................................................................................................................................43
4.4.16 Waste water treatment.......................................................................................................................................................................43
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