McCormick+Schmitz Handbook for value chain research on - PACA

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Figure 8.1: Chain map - number of workers Chain 1 Chain 2 Chain 3 National Market US Market German Market Retail 1,800 ? 1,200 Wholesale 180 Production 12,000 16,000 6,000 home workers 6,000 Inputs suppliers of yarn and cloth 8,200 suppliers of accessories and packaging materials 4,200 equipment suppliers 800 = arms length market relationship = balanced network = controlled network = hierarchy (subsidary) 37
kinds of connections between the various stages can be used to indicate whether the relationships between the various stages consist merely of buying and selling or are characterised by close co-operation, and whether they are symmetrical or asymmetrical. We will come to this later. First, we need to step back and ask how the map is constructed. 8.3 The need <strong>for</strong> conventions Constructing a map is a cumulative exercise. So that others can join in, it is important that we have clear symbols <strong>for</strong> different kinds of actors and flows and <strong>for</strong> different degrees of importance. Agreement on symbols or conventions also helps to compare maps. Indeed, one purpose of this handbook is to suggest a set of conventions that all WIEGO and related <strong>research</strong>ers could use. If we achieve this then the workshops, which bring us together, will become more productive. Chapters 8 and 9 introduce the conventions step-by-step. A <strong>value</strong> <strong>chain</strong> is the sequence of activities from the conception of a product to its final consumption. In mapping the <strong>chain</strong>, we list the activities vertically along the left-hand side, starting with suppliers of materials at the bottom and ending with final consumers at the top. (The design stage will be dealt with separately). Rarely is it possible (or necessary) to list minutely each single activity. As stressed be<strong>for</strong>e, what we map depends on the question we seek to answer. So as to avoid excessive detail it helps to group activities. In garment <strong>chain</strong>s, the main categories are: Retailing Wholesaling Production - sale to final consumer - branding, advertising − delivery to retailer − transport to warehouse near final market − consolidating orders from various producers − inspection and finishing − pressing − machining operations (assembly) − laying and cutting − pattern making and grading 38
Page 1 and 2: MANUAL FOR VALUE CHAIN RESEARCH ON
Page 3 and 4: 10.1 Mapping homeworkers 57 10.2 Ma
Page 5 and 6: List of Boxes Box 1.1: Maria: A hom
Page 7 and 8: Introduction In developed and devel
Page 9 and 10: to understand the situation of home
Page 11 and 12: Part I. Homeworkers in Value Chains
Page 13 and 14: Box 1.2: Agnes: A homeworker moving
Page 15 and 16: no contact with the main contractor
Page 17 and 18: A value ch
Page 19 and 20: dominate certain value</str
Page 21 and 22: • Finding leverage points <strong
Page 23 and 24: Figure 4.1: Triangle manufacturing
Page 25 and 26: Table 4.1: Types of buyers, quality
Page 27 and 28: 5. The new retailing and its implic
Page 29 and 30: ut more frequent orders. Manufactur
Page 31 and 32: which demand limited skills and are
Page 33 and 34: In this manual, we are dealing main
Page 35 and 36: Part II. Methodology This third par
Page 37: 8.2 Initial and final map Mapping a
Page 41 and 42: • directed network: firms <strong
Page 43 and 44: local hotel these suppliers and buy
Page 45 and 46: the designs in the various stages?
Page 47 and 48: Figure 9.1: Chain map - workers' ho
Page 49 and 50: you prefer, you can double count, t
Page 51 and 52: If a significant percentage of the
Page 53 and 54: garment industry according to the i
Page 55 and 56: Figure 9.3: Chain map - share of fe
Page 57 and 58: Indicators of directed network: Ma
Page 59 and 60: Figure 10.1 : Network of homeworker
Page 61 and 62: for the executive
Page 63 and 64: Figure 10.3 : Producer services <st
Page 65 and 66: Figure 10.4 : Wages and skill short
Page 67 and 68: producers all over the world. This
Page 69 and 70: Long-term, quality growth has alway
Page 71 and 72: Such differences emerge clearly if
Page 73 and 74: it may well be worth recording them
Page 75 and 76: it is useful to present the results
Page 77 and 78: Figure 12.3 : Sub-contractor networ
Page 79 and 80: 13.2 Observing Here are some of the
Page 81 and 82: A good research de
Page 83 and 84: A major concern in the protection o
Page 85 and 86: Buyers’ expectations Producers’
Page 87 and 88: 15. Working with public agencies Th
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useful source of infor</str
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In order to assess the impact of su
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The first step is to gather basic i
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In step one, the research</
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is to examine how such differences
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Let us start with the latter, askin
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You may want to investigate what ty
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Given that home-workers are often c
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usiness schools and technology inst
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A second reason for</strong
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individuals can also be ordinary pe
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In answering the first question, th
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Obtaining or creating the sampling
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selection of a few illustrative cas
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The coding of open-ended questions
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You will also need to analyse the q
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The third step is data collection.
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the society. Neilson (1990: 20) cla
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Casson, Mark, and Robert Price. 198
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Kaplinsky, Raphael. 1998. “Global
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Wilson, Fiona. 1991. Sweaters: Gend
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Business forums de
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