McCormick+Schmitz Handbook for value chain research on - PACA

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Figure 9.2: Chain map - number of enterprises Chain 1 Chain 2 Chain 3 National Market US Market German Market Retail 300 102 60 Wholesale 9 Production 300 40 12 home workers 1,200 Inputs suppliers of yarn and cloth suppliers of accessories and packaging material equipment suppliers 41 84 16 = arms length market relationship = balanced network = controlled network = hierarchy (subsidary) 49
If a significant percentage of the input suppliers come from abroad, you may need to vary the map (Figure 9.2) itself, representing <strong>for</strong>eign and domestic suppliers separately and then providing separate numbers <strong>for</strong> each category. If the input supply is both complex and critical to your investigation, it is best to indicate in your <strong>chain</strong> map merely whether the inputs come from within or outside the country and then to draw a sub-map which depicts the features that matter to you (see Chapter 10: Detailed maps of particular parts of the <strong>chain</strong>). Moving to the other stages of the <strong>chain</strong>, the number of wholesalers is unlikely to be available from a secondary source. The easiest way to estimate their number is to ask a few garment producers and to ask some of the wholesalers themselves. It should not be too difficult to get an overview. Make sure you capture wholesalers relevant to your <strong>chain</strong>s (i.e. no need to include all garment wholesalers). Estimating the number of retailers is more difficult. The number of domestic retailers can perhaps be obtained from the retail association but the figure will almost certainly require two corrections which are very difficult to make. The figure will be too high in that it will include many who are not relevant <strong>for</strong> retailing the products of your <strong>chain</strong>. The figure will be too low in that it does not include many in<strong>for</strong>mal retailers. If it turns out impossible to provide reasonable estimates, give the order of magnitude in the map and explain in the text why more exact quantification is not possible As regards retailers in export markets, retail associations in these countries will probably provide statistics, but again the question is how many of these retailers are relevant to your <strong>chain</strong>? In some cases it may be possible to estimate their number by asking the US, Canadian or European importers about the number of their customers. But keep in mind that some retailers import directly. Clearly working out the number of relevant domestic and <strong>for</strong>eign retailers can be hugely complicated. The question is whether you need precise numbers. It depends on the purpose of your investigation. As seen in earlier chapters, some of the changes in organising garment production are driven by changes in the retail sector. Thus, understanding the retailing sector in the relevant consumer countries is important. However, very rough estimates of the number of retailers should be sufficient. Above all 50
Page 1 and 2: MANUAL FOR VALUE CHAIN RESEARCH ON
Page 3 and 4: 10.1 Mapping homeworkers 57 10.2 Ma
Page 5 and 6: List of Boxes Box 1.1: Maria: A hom
Page 7 and 8: Introduction In developed and devel
Page 9 and 10: to understand the situation of home
Page 11 and 12: Part I. Homeworkers in Value Chains
Page 13 and 14: Box 1.2: Agnes: A homeworker moving
Page 15 and 16: no contact with the main contractor
Page 17 and 18: A value ch
Page 19 and 20: dominate certain value</str
Page 21 and 22: • Finding leverage points <strong
Page 23 and 24: Figure 4.1: Triangle manufacturing
Page 25 and 26: Table 4.1: Types of buyers, quality
Page 27 and 28: 5. The new retailing and its implic
Page 29 and 30: ut more frequent orders. Manufactur
Page 31 and 32: which demand limited skills and are
Page 33 and 34: In this manual, we are dealing main
Page 35 and 36: Part II. Methodology This third par
Page 37 and 38: 8.2 Initial and final map Mapping a
Page 39 and 40: kinds of connections between the va
Page 41 and 42: • directed network: firms <strong
Page 43 and 44: local hotel these suppliers and buy
Page 45 and 46: the designs in the various stages?
Page 47 and 48: Figure 9.1: Chain map - workers' ho
Page 49: you prefer, you can double count, t
Page 53 and 54: garment industry according to the i
Page 55 and 56: Figure 9.3: Chain map - share of fe
Page 57 and 58: Indicators of directed network: Ma
Page 59 and 60: Figure 10.1 : Network of homeworker
Page 61 and 62: for the executive
Page 63 and 64: Figure 10.3 : Producer services <st
Page 65 and 66: Figure 10.4 : Wages and skill short
Page 67 and 68: producers all over the world. This
Page 69 and 70: Long-term, quality growth has alway
Page 71 and 72: Such differences emerge clearly if
Page 73 and 74: it may well be worth recording them
Page 75 and 76: it is useful to present the results
Page 77 and 78: Figure 12.3 : Sub-contractor networ
Page 79 and 80: 13.2 Observing Here are some of the
Page 81 and 82: A good research de
Page 83 and 84: A major concern in the protection o
Page 85 and 86: Buyers’ expectations Producers’
Page 87 and 88: 15. Working with public agencies Th
Page 89 and 90: useful source of infor</str
Page 91 and 92: In order to assess the impact of su
Page 93 and 94: The first step is to gather basic i
Page 95 and 96: In step one, the research</
Page 97 and 98: is to examine how such differences
Page 99 and 100: Let us start with the latter, askin
Page 101 and 102:
You may want to investigate what ty
Page 103 and 104:
Given that home-workers are often c
Page 105 and 106:
usiness schools and technology inst
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A second reason for</strong
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individuals can also be ordinary pe
Page 111 and 112:
In answering the first question, th
Page 113 and 114:
Obtaining or creating the sampling
Page 115 and 116:
selection of a few illustrative cas
Page 117 and 118:
The coding of open-ended questions
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You will also need to analyse the q
Page 121 and 122:
The third step is data collection.
Page 123 and 124:
the society. Neilson (1990: 20) cla
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Casson, Mark, and Robert Price. 198
Page 127 and 128:
Kaplinsky, Raphael. 1998. “Global
Page 129 and 130:
Wilson, Fiona. 1991. Sweaters: Gend
Page 131:
Business forums de
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