GEO Haiti 2010

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GEO HAITI • 2010 140 Table 31: Earthquakes in Haiti 1564 1684 Date Place Remarks Source: Jules Trousset, Nouveau Dictionnaire encyclopédique universel illustré, 1886-1891, volume 3, p. 214 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_ of_natural_disasters_in_Haiti 1691 October 18, 1751 June 3, 1770 May 7, 1842 Port-au-Prince Port-au-Prince and the Southern regions. Cap-Haitien and all the Northern regions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_natural_ disasters_in_Haiti Two violent earthquakes shook Port-au-Prince for about three minutes. Aftershocks continued for more than two months. The capital was destroyed and the ground split open in several places. Hundreds of bodies were found under the rubble. “[Cap], where all the homes were masonry-built, was nothing more than a pile of rubble under which almost 10,000 persons were buried...” (Bellegarde, Dantès. The Hatian Nation, p. 110). September 23, 1887 Northern regions of Haiti Destruction of the Port-de-Paix church. 1904 1946 October 27, 1952 Northern Haiti, Port-de- Paix and Cap-Haitien Earthquake in the northeast of the Dominican Republic accompanied by a tidal wave in the Nagua region. Anse-a-Veau in the Province of Grand’Anse The cities of Port-de-Paix and Cap-Haitien were affected. (Séisme en Haïti, la bonne carte tectonique, http://sciences.blogs.liberation.fr/home/2010/01/ s%C3%A9isme-en-ha%C3%AFti-la-bonne-cartetectonique.html) Haiti is also affected. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_ of_natural_disasters_in_Haiti The earthquake claimed 6 lives and made thousands homeless. June 24, 1984 January 12, 2010 Northern part of the West Province, some regions in the Southeast and Nippes Provinces Magnitude 6.7 earthquake on the Richter scale. Magnitude 7.0 earthquake on the Richter scale. The strongest earthquake in over two hundred years, it practically destroyed the capital. The epicentre was located 17 km from the Southern entry of Port-of- Prince, near Template: Unité de Port-au-Prince at a depth of 10-15 km. About a dozen aftershocks measuring between 5.0 and 5.9 were recorded in the hours that followed.
State of the Environment Report 2010 Date Place Remarks 141 January 20, 2010 West Province and some regions in the Southeast Province. According to Civil Defence, 222,517 Haitians were killed, 310,900 injured and millions of others badly affected. (Report of February 23, 2010). Source: http://www.haiti-reference.com/geographie/milieu/desastres.html, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_in_Haiti The Mines and Energy Bureau (BME) has long recognised the risk of earthquakes occurring in Haiti. However, according to a study done by Claude Prépetit on behalf of the BME 60 , the social and economic hardships that have taken hold in the country have made it difficult for the Haitian authorities to put advice to practical use and implement the measures considered necessary in order to respond to warnings. The January 12, 2010 earthquake demonstrated again the vulnerability of Haiti and of its population when stricken by major natural hazards. The urgent need for proper preventive measures to mitigate human and physical losses, the improvement of construction standards and their compliance, and the implementation of public awareness programmes on emergency procedures in the event of disasters, are all priority actions which need to be taken immediately. The density of the affected area, low quality of constructions and an inadequate urban planning, together with the superficial depth and intense magnitude of the quake increased the repercussions. At the end of February, Haitian Civil Defence figures put the death toll at 222,517 persons, with 310,900 injured and millions otherwise affected. The IBD estimates that the cost of reconstruction could be as high as $14 billion. The experts from the French Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP) explain that the earthquake took place on the northern boundary between the Caribbean and North American tectonic plates. “The plates converge at a rate of about 20 mm per year. If the sliding had been occurring regularly, there would not have been an earthquake” explains expert Robin Lacassin of the IPGP, “but the movement causes tremendous friction which deforms the rocks and then, due to the effect of the built-up pressure, the plates suddenly slide 2 metres and an earthquake occurs. In regard to the island of Hispaniola, the movement between the two plates is distributed over several faults including two major fault systems (see Figures 86 and 87) - the Septentrional Fault in the north and the Enriquillo Plantain-Garden Fault in the south - each one of these absorbing about 7mm of the stress caused by the movement per year. Seismic records showed very elevated figures, with a peak of 7.0 on the Richter scale. Two aftershocks followed closely, with a first peak of 5.8 and a second of 5.3. The peculiarity of this quake is that it took place close to the surface, its wave therefore spread very quickly and intense shaking was felt. The quake was also felt in the Dominican Republic and Cuba, namely in Santiago and Guantanamo. The position and mechanism of the origin of the earthquake indicate a senestral fault rupture on the Enriquillo Fault (with a minor overlapping 60 http://www.bme.gouv.ht/alea%20sismique/Al%E9a%20et%20risque%20sismique%20en%20Ha%EFti%20VF.pdf
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GEO Haiti 2010

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