GEO Haiti 2010

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GEO HAITI • 2010 78 In 2006, computer-users of 40 years-old and more, represented less than 5% of users, while 80% of users were between 20 and 39 years of age. Conversely, the cybercafé users are younger – while 60% of costumers were under 35 in 2002, nearly 65% of users in 2006 were under 30, the majority of these between 20 and 30 years old. • Telephony According to a study by AHSI, carried out by the Haitian Bureau of Computer Science and Economic and Social Development (BRIDES), and published by the Sustainable Development Network of Haiti (RDDH) in 2006, the mobile phone has gained a strong entry into the communication sector. The presence of household mobile phones is about two and a half times more important than that of fixed telephones. The RDHH states (2006): “Of the thirteen cities surveyed, the overall coverage is 34.8% for fixed lines against 82.4% for cell phones”. Despite the fact that the use of this technology is quite recent in Haiti, households are already very familiar with it. Phone usage is strongly approved by nearly 94.1% of the population, with 80% of surveyed households satisfied, despite occasional malfunctioning. Telephony is now considered the main source of information and communication in Haiti, equally with the Internet. It seems that a further study on this subject is necessary as the habits of the population indicate that the situation has evolved significantly. • Transportation Three modes of transportation – by road, sea and air – have been contemplated as answering to the population’s needs. However, each suffers of serious deficiencies. According to the MWPTC (Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Communication; mtptc.gouv. ht), the country has lost 30% of its road network during the past fifteen years. Roads, whether main or secondary, are in poor condition and even the capital, Port-au-Prince, has many dirt and unpaved streets or in very poor condition. Sometimes, there are no adequate roads connecting adjacent areas, and few provincial cities have a fairly accessible public transportation system. The situation in shipping is no different. Maritime activities are concentrated around a few ports where the infrastructure and facilities have largely degraded. Maritime operations are poorly managed and the service offered is totally inadequate by international standards. Air transportation is mainly centralized at the airport in Port au Prince, which has not yet attained international standards. This airport, alike the country’s other airport infrastructure, is aging and poorly adapted, and unable to meet local, regional and international air traffic needs. 4.2 Social Conditions 4.2.1 Education School attendance among the population aged 6 years and over is 68.5% in urban areas and around 57.4% in rural areas. Around 60% of children aged 6 to 11 years attend school. Once again, the rural areas are disadvantaged, with only about 50% of children in the same category attending school. The rate of secondary-school attendance is around 22% (IHSI, 2003). Private schools receive an overwhelming majority of children at the pre-school and primary levels (kindergarten, grades 1-3 and 4-6) as well as at the secondary level. For these three categories, private schools register, respectively, 95%, 81% and 74% of the school population, compared to enrolment in the public schools, for these same categories, of 5%, 8% and 9% (Table 11).
State of the Environment Report 2010 Table 11: Share of public and non-public sector in the school system, in % Public sector Private sector Schools Pupils Schools Pupils Pre-school 5.5 4.67 94.5 95.33 Elementary , grades 1-4 Elementary, grades 4-6 and Secondary Source: MEYS, 2007 8.0 18.54 92.0 81.46 9.0 25.36 91.0 74.64 Nationwide, schools are managed by different Congregations and groups, which explain the existence of heterogeneous infrastructures. There are schools run by Churches (Baptist, Protestant, Adventist and Pentecostal) and presbytery schools. There are summarily-built schools, others under trees, with thatched roofs, or even some with no roof. The largest number of schools functioning within churches, are in the Western province (753), as well as schools with summary partitions (1397). The Artibonite region ranks first in schools held under trees (823) and straw-built schools (594). 79 Figure 29: Distribution of schools by department according to type of building (1 st and 2 nd level elementary) 1400 1200 Number of schools 1000 800 600 400 200 0 West Southeast North Northeast Artibonite Center Department South Grand´ Anse Northwest Nippes Housed in Churches Schools in lightweight materials partitions Schools in arbors Source: MEYS, 2007 On average, across the various departments in rural areas, 94% of public schools are located in churches, while in urban areas this applies to only 16% of private schools. The trend is similar with regard to schools with summarily-built walls in the rural areas, where 55% are public schools and 64% are privately-run. In urban areas, on average, 22% of schools held under trees are public institutions and 59% are private (id). As mentioned, the literacy efforts made over the last ten years have yielded positive results, given the population growth recorded during this period. The table below shows the success rate at national examinations from 2002 to 2005 (Rheto + Philo). We note that the success rates recorded in 2002 and 2005 were the highest. Table 12: Rate of academic success at national examinations (Rhaeto + Philo Academic Year Success rate 2001- 2002 2002- 2003 2003- 2004 2004- 2005 48.49 39.68 43.18 48.34 Source: MEYS, 2007. (Baccalauréat 2004-2005. Session (Regular and Extraordinary).
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GEO Haiti 2010

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