GEO Haiti 2010

More documents

Recommendations

Info

GEO HAITI • 2010 86 Table 15: Main Rivers and their Characteristics Name of River Drainage in Haiti (km 2 ) Maximum Daily Flow (m 3 /s) Minimum Daily Flow (m 3 /s) Annual Runoff (Average Daily Flow) (m 3 /s) Les Trois Rivières 897 1,500 0.3 13.13 Rivière du Limbé 312 485 0.3 4.29 Grande Rivière du Nord 663 390 0.02 7.65 Rivière de lÉstére 834 95.3 1.85 18.76 Rivière de lÁrtibonite 6,862 2,500 8.4 101.4 Rivière Grise (Grande Rivière du Cul-de-Sac) 290 475 0.31 3.97 Rivière Momance 330 420 0.6 5.88 Grande Rivière de Jacmel 560 800 0.12 4.67 Rivière de Cavaillon 380 1,035 0.7 9.42 Ravine du Sud 330 350 0.28 4.85 GrandÁnse Rivière 541 850 0.7 26.85 Sources: M. Ehrlich et al. June 1985. Organization of American States, 1972. OPS/OMS, 1996. United Nations Development Programme, Department of Technical Cooperation for Development, 1991. These watercourses flow countrywide, but have been classified according to regional subdivisions given their distinct and quite pronounced variation. The table below illustrates this situation and highlights the regional divisions. Figure 33: Hydrographic regions Source: CI USA, 1999
State of the Environment Report 2010 Table 16: Annual Average Surface Water Distribution by Hydrographic Region N-O N C-N C-S S-E S-O Total Area (km 2 ) 4,580 2,450 7,200 3,240 1,810 8,470 27,750 Surface Water (10 6 m 3 /year) 1,200 750 3,300 858 315 4,430 10,853 87 Source: FAO-AQUASTAT (www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries/haiti/index.stm) The most important river is the Artibonite River. It has its source in the western part of Hispaniola and stretches across two Haitian provinces: Centre and Artibonite. It is very important to Haiti since it irrigates numerous farms as well as provides electrical energy, for example, to the Péligre hydro-electrical plant, an artificial reservoir located in the Central province. These installations supplied, up until the 1980s, Port-au- Prince with most of its electricity, and in recent decades, they have become less efficient mainly due to silt deposits caused by the erosion of the Artibonite River watershed. 1.1.2 Underground Water • Underground water comes from the infiltration of rain which seeps into the soil. It seeps through the pores, micro-fissures and fissures of rocks, moistening the deepest layers until they reach an impermeable layer. Then, it accumulates, filling and saturating the subsoil, thereby forming an underground water reservoir called an aquifer. • In Haiti, during a period of 25 years prior to 1988, geophysical studies on underground water were carried out in most of the alluvial plains. Since then, the Geophysical Unit of the National Water Resource Service (SNRE) of Haiti has pursued this investigation, with the support of the United Nations Project (PNUD/DTCD/HAI/86/003: “Development and Management of Water Resources” (Radstake, 1990a). Within the framework of the project, the SNRE has carried out an inventory of Haiti’s hydrological and hydro-geological data and as well as drilling surveys as well as geophysical exploration studies for underground water in seven alluvial plains of Haiti. • Underground water is generally found in abundance across the plains and valleys of the country, but the availability of fresh water in the mountainous areas varies considerably; it may be plentiful or scarce (PAHO/WHO, May 1996, pp. 21 and 22). The alluvial plains and valleys make up approximately 17% of the country’s territory and account for 84% of its available underground water reserves (R. B. Knowles et al, 1999). The mountainous areas have many types of aquifers, such as aquifers that are karstic, fractured, with low permeability, and also igneous aquifers. Therefore, there are: • The karstic areas and extremely fractured aquifers: 15% of the country and 2% of available underground water reserves. • The less-fractured and discontinuous aquifer areas: 25% of the country and 12% of the available underground water reserves. • The low-permeability areas and igneous aquifers: 42% of the country and less than 1% of the available underground water reserves. Figure 34: Map of Locations of SNRE geophysical studies. Source: F. Radstake al. 1992
Page 1 and 2:
GEO HAITI 2010 State of the Environ
Page 3 and 4:
UNEP MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT GE
Page 5 and 6:
State of the Environment Report 201
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36: State of the Environment Report 201
Page 85: State of the Environment Report 201
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
show all

GEO Haiti 2010

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?