GEO Haiti 2010

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144 GEO HAITI • 2010 9.3.1 Loss of Human Lives A logical consequence of inadequate riskmanagement is the inescapable loss of human lives. Haiti is no exception to this rule. In fact, as Mathieu (2002) points out, during the last century the eight main hurricanes claimed the massive toll of 11,104 deaths, and over the last four decades of the 20 th century, the most significant floods caused the loss of 835 lives. In 2004 alone, three floods, in the West and in the Southeast of the country (Fond-Verettes and Mapou) and another in Artibonite (Gonaives), occasioned approximately 2,500 to 3,000 deaths. With an average rainfall of 1,400 mm per year, Haiti receives a volume of 40 billion m³ of water, of which 90% ends up in the sea due to little infiltration and the exacerbation of impervious surfaces, as well as the gradual depletion of vegetation cover (Lebrun, 2004). In general, cities are much affected by rainfall, even if it rains only for a short period of time. For example, during the month of October 2003, in the community of Tabarre 63 (CRA, 2004) some enterprises were submerged under 2 metres of water and more than 1,900 hectares of land were affected by rainfall in 1998, 1994, 1954 and 1909. In October 2007, a flood also seriously affected most residents in the area. The risk of floods is higher in coastal areas and on the plains where the problems are generally more serious and the level of vulnerability amplified. The table below gives the number of victims and deaths caused by Haiti’s major hurricanes. The death toll caused from the 2004 hurricanes was unprecedented. Table 32: Major Hurricanes Occurring in Haiti Date Name Zones Affected Wind Speed km/h Impact Estimated Losses in Sept 18-19, 1816 NA West Province, Gulf of Gonave [Source: Madiou, Thomas. Histoire d'Haïti. Tome V: 1811-1818; p. 368] NA Significant damage in the countryside, the West Province and in the Gulf of Gonave US$ Nov 12, 1909 NA West Province, Cul-de-Sac Plain NA Almost 150 victims in the Cul-de-Sac Plain NA Aug 12, 1915 Galveston Southeast and the South Peninsula Significant damage in Jacmel and Jeremie 76 1,600 victims NA Oct 21, 1935 NA Southeast, South Peninsula, Grand Anse NA About 2,000 - 2,150 deaths, 250,000 disaster victims NA Oct 11-12, 1954 Hazel All regions in Haiti were affected 249 Thousands dead NA 63 A community in the Metropolitan Region of Port-au-Prince..
State of the Environment Report 2010 Date Name Zones Affected Wind Speed km/h Impact Estimated Losses in 145 Oct 3, 1963 Flora South and West Provinces 240 Nearly 5,000 deaths and varying types of damages 180,000 million (USAID, 2007) Aug 24, 1964 Cleo South coast particularly Les Cayes, Camp-Perrin and Arniquet regions 150 192 dead, 80,000 victims 17 million in physical damage Sept 29,1966 Ines South and West Provinces of Portau-Prince, Marigot to Grand Goave 170 Thousands of victims (67,000 according to USAID) 480 dead 20,000 Aug 5, 1980 Allen Swept the South coast particularly Les Cayes region 270 200 dead 400 million Sept 11, 1988 Gilbert South coast particularly the following regions: Anse-a-Veau, Camp- Perrin, Cavaillon, Cayes, Ile-a-Vache, Jacmel, Jeremie, Kenscoff, Port-Salut NA 30 dead and thousands of victims, according to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Oct 12-13, 1994 Gordon Southeast Province and the Southern Peninsula NA 2,000 dead or missing people according to UNEP NA Sept 23, 1998 George Southeast and Northwest regions of Haiti NA 147 dead, 34 seriously injured, 40 missing and 167,500 persons affected in one way or another NA May 23, 2004 Tropical storm Southeast 3,000 dead, 6,000 victims NA Sept 10, 2004 Ivan Southern Peninsula and West coast NA 3 persons including a 10 year old child swept away by waves at the port of Gonaives Significant physical damage from flooding
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