GEO Haiti 2010

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GEO HAITI • 2010 50 capital. These are the Western Department (main city, Port-au-Prince), the Southeastern Province (main city, Jacmel), the Southern Department (main city, Les Cayes), Nippes (main city, Miragoâne), Grand’Anse (main city, Jérémie), Artibonite Province (main city, Gonaïves), the Central Province (main city, Hinche) and the northern Provinces (North, Northeast and Northwest), with the main cities of Cap-Haïtien, Port de Paix and Fort Liberté, respectively. The country’s ten Departments 13 are divided into 42 districts, which are themselves divided into 140 towns that are further divided into 565 communities. 1.3 Physiography 1.3.1 Surface area and relief The territory of Haiti spans 28 704 km 2 which includes a main island (La Grande Terre: 27 750 km 2 ) and 5 satellite islands which are La Gonâve (670 km 2 ), La Tortue (180 km 2 ), L’Île-à-Vache (52 km 2 ), Les Cayemites (45 km 2 ) and La Navassa (7 km 2 ). One of the geographical characteristics of Haiti is its steep topography. Almost 75% of the Haitian landscape is comprised of steep mountain ranges with 50% of its the peaks having slopes above 40% (Figures 3 and 4). Figure 4: Relief of the Republic of Haiti The country’s main relief is made up of: • The Northern mountain range with peaks ranging from 1,200 to 1,300 meters; • The Cahos Hills, the Black Mountains (Montagnes Noires), the Matheux Mountain range, the Trou d’Eau Hills with peaks reaching 1,200 to 1,500 meters located in the central part of the country; • The La Selle mountain range (Southeast) which extends over 100 km and from which the La Selle peak rises to 2,674 meters, the highest point in the country; • The La Hotte mountain range, the peaks of which reach 2,347 meters at Morne Macaya (Southwest) (Figure 5). Moreover, various plains totalizing about 7,000 km 2 occupy nearly a quarter of the country’s surface area: the Northern Plain, the Artibonite Plain, the Cul-de-Sac Plain, the Des Cayes Plain, the Léogâne and de l’Arbre Plains. The coastal strip only stretches along 1,500 km. With a configuration more or less similar to the main island, the satellite islands possess an endogenous potential very important to their development. This is highlighted in the following paragraphs. • La Tortue Island La Tortue Island is situated in the northern part of Haiti and is close to the city of Port-au-Paix. Separated from the Northern peninsula by a wide channel measuring 16 km, it is 37 km long and 7 km wide, and has a surface area of 180 km 2 . Its population is estimated at 36,000 inhabitants 14 . It has a floral composition characterized by citrus, coconut and avocado trees. The following figure highlights this island. Source: (http://www.quid.fr/, section: monde-Haïti-relief ) Embellished by magnificent beaches, such as the one located at the south-western tip of the island, and by historical sites (the La Rochelle Fort built 13 http://www.ht.undp.org/public/fichetechniquehaiti.php 14 http://www.campmandingue.com/ile%20de%20la%20tortue.htm
State of the Environment Report 2010 Figure 5: Mountainous countryside: La Hotte Mountain Range (Macaya Park, South) in 1639 and the Ogeron Fort in 1666, and also some impressive caves), this small Haitian island possesses considerable attributes that could help it enhance its enhance its economic, social and tourism development. Figure 6: La Tortue Island Source: SAH, 2007 • The Cayemites Islands Located in the Coral bay, the Cayemites comprise two islands situated at the south of the Gulf of Gonâve, about 35 km to the east of the city of Jérémie, in the Department of Grand’Anse. They cover a total surface area of 45 km 2 and have a population of 18,000 inhabitants. Their magnificent boulder-rock coastline, clear and calm waters and brightly-colored cays create superb landscapes. Many seaside activities are carried out there, such as regattas, which attract many tourists, local as well as from the Haitian diaspora. • The Vache Island This paradisiacal island (l’île à Vache) is located in the Southern Department, across the city of Les Cayes. It is 16 km long and 8 km wide, and has an average annual temperature of 27 °C (80 °F) and a rainy season similar to the other regions of the country. Its population is estimated at 15,000 inhabitants spread over a 52 km 2 . River navigation is the main mean of transportation, facilitating the commercial and touristic connection between the island and neighbouring regions. 51 Source: www.campmandingue.com
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GEO Haiti 2010

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