GEO Haiti 2010

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GEO HAITI • 2010 166 Figure 98: Supply of Electric Power Barrels of oil in thousands 25 000.0 20 000.0 15 000.0 10 000.0 5 000.0 0.0 1970 1972 1974 1976 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 Years Source: http://websie.eclac.cl/anuario_estadistico/anuario_2008/esp/index.asp Figures 97 and 98 show that Haiti’s consumption of electric power grew from 50 gigawatts hour (GW-h) in 1970 to 340 GW-h in 2006, an increase of more than 500%. The country must undertake initiatives to reduce its electric energy consumption Figure 99: Life Expectancy in Haiti 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 and incorporate renewable energies, namely wind, hydroelectric, solar and biogas. Haiti can decrease its CO 2 emissions from electric energy by developing its supply of renewable energy. Number of years 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Men Women 1950 - 1955 1955 - 1960 1960 - 1965 1965 - 1970 1970 - 1975 1975 - 1980 1980 - 1985 1985 - 1990 1990 - 1995 1995 - 2000 2000 - 2005 2005 - 2010 2010 - 2015 2015 - 2020 2020 - 2025 2025 - 2030 2030 - 2035 2035 - 2040 2040 - 2045 2045 - 2050 Periods Source: http://websie.eclac.cl/anuario_estadistico/anuario_2008/esp/index.asp In 2010, life expectancy in Haiti is estimated at 49 years for men and 52 years for women. It is projected to increase to between 71 and 76 years respectively in 2050 depending on the improved socioeconomic and environmental conditions in the country.
State of the Environment Report 2010 Figure 100: Population Growth Rate 167 2.5 Annual Percentage 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1950 - 1955 1955 - 1960 1960 - 1965 1965 - 1970 1970 - 1975 1975 - 1980 1980 - 1985 1985 - 1990 1990 - 1995 1995 - 2000 2000 - 2005 Periods 2005 - 2010 2010 - 2015 2015 - 2020 2020 - 2025 2025 - 2030 2030 - 2035 2035 - 2040 2040 - 2045 2045 - 2050 Source: http://websie.eclac.cl/anuario_estadistico/anuario_2008/esp/index.asp A reduced growth rate is crucial to mitigating the current pressure exerted by the population on the Figure 101: Percentage of Illiterate Population environment and its natural resources. Men Women 81.6 72.8 63.1 52.2 46.8 42.3 38.1 74.0 65.9 57.4 48.0 43.5 39.8 36.3 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2010 2015 Years Source: http://websie.eclac.cl/anuario_estadistico/anuario_2008/esp/index.asp Literacy is essential to a development process. In fact, reducing illiteracy (to less than 40% in 2015) could be a major tool in the integration and use of new vital technologies to the country’s development. In conclusion, through such scenarios, we have tried to show what the future could hold for environmental management in Haiti. The first one represents the worst case, marked by poor territorial management and should be rejected by governments or decision-makers. The second shows that initiatives could be put in place but with mixed results. To be effective, the government would have to set up better control mechanisms susceptible to have an effect on the environmental main driving forces. Finally, the last scenario is a reflection of a normalized situation, the ideal one to the country’s development. It shows that proper environmental management, including a better administration of natural resources, of demography and energy needs, is key to sustainable development.
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GEO Haiti 2010

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