GEO Haiti 2010

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GEO HAITI • 2010 160 State of the Environment Urban Growth in Coastal Areas Socioeconomic Situation - Forest Cover and Biodiversity One of the major challenges to sustainable solutions lies in the fact that Haiti is generally unable to ensure the continuity of its environmental restoration and conservation programmes when institutional political changes take place. Few national actions intended to protect biodiversity are carried out. Despite the endangered status of some indigenous species, no efforts have been made to protect them. Very little of the budget is allocated to management and conservation activities designed to preserve vegetative cover and biodiversity. International conventions signed by the State as well as local environmental laws are rarely enforced. Little research is done on indigenous species and biological inventory. - Air Quality Industrial emissions continue to increase moderately. Fumes from charcoal production (deforestation) are greater in the rural areas. There are tentative efforts to offset carbon through reforestation. Pressure on forests due to additional human settlement also has a negative effect on these efforts. - Waste Garbage collection is irregular. Microenterprises specialised in recycling and composting were created to treat waste. International organisations join the efforts but field reports still indicate mixed results. Overlapping occurs in certain areas where the population is ill-informed on waste management. - Infrastructures and Services Services and infrastructures are all centralised. The provision of basic services is lacking in many rural areas. Indeed, some have only been able to benefit from minimal facilities due to the efforts of local and international organizations. Educational standards, particularly at elementary level have not really improved. Both the establishment of school facilities and the necessary innovations are slow in coming. Current measures have faced barriers due to traditionalism and opposition to change. To overcome these obstacles, the government plans to set up mechanisms which will help bridge the gaps in educational standards. - Health Insufficient health services in rural areas; the main hospitals are located in the cities. Public information programmes on preventive measures are lacking in remote areas throughout the country. Low sanitation coverage giving rise to numerous microenterprises offering water treatment in order to counteract this deficiency. - Employment The majority of those of working-age, whether trained or untrained and with or without experience, is unemployed. However, there could be the possibility of a need for trained personal in technical fields such as construction, information technology (creating specific programmes for specific domains), geology and telecommunications.
State of the Environment Report 2010 Socioeconomic Situation Political stability is returning and seems lasting. The country tries to reposition itself on a global level in ecotourism and the seaside resort industry. - Natural Disasters Natural disasters that hit Haiti tend to cause enormous damage compelling the government to institute a national risk and disaster management plan as well as public awareness campaigns on hurricane preparedness. However, these measures are not adequately applied, perhaps because of a lack of inter-institutional coordination. There is almost a complete lack of early warning systems. 161 Centralisation of Economic Activities - Economic Centers Few free-zones exist; the major tourist attractions, especially the seaside ones such as Labadee (in the north) visited by large cruise ships, could be more developed. These coastal areas are largely affected by pollution. The graph below shows a projection of Haiti’s working-age population from 1990 to 2050. Figure 94: Economically Active Population Thousands of people 12 000.0 10 000.0 8 000.0 6 000.0 4 000.0 2 000.0 0.0 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 Years Source: http://websie.eclac.cl/anuario_estadistico/anuario_2008/esp/index.asp 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 1990 Both sexes Men Women The graph refers to people of working age (15 years and older) whether or not employed. The number of people of working age will continue to grow and will double in 2050 compared to 2010, requiring additional sources of employment namely, new industrial zones, more tourist areas, and the developing of the rural areas in order to avoid increased rural exodus.
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