GEO Haiti 2010

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GEO HAITI • 2010 162 Figure 95: Energy Consumption Thousand barrels 12 000,0 10 000,0 8 000,0 6 000,0 4 000,0 2 000,0 0,0 Consumption of primary and secondary energy 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Years Primary Secondary Source: http://websie.eclac.cl/anuario_estadistico/anuario_2008/esp/index.asp Energy consumption continues to rise. The consumption of primary energy rose from 7 million barrels in 1970 to more than 11 million barrels in 2006. This trend is likely to continue in the years to come. Figure 96: Evolution in the Forest Area Percentage 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 1990 2000 2005 Years Source: http://websie.eclac.cl/anuario_estadistico/anuario_2008/esp/index.asp Since 1990, the same trend has been observed at national scale: forest areas are gradually diminishing, from approximately 4% in 1990 to about 3% in 2005. 2.3. Scenario 3: Hope Emerges Haiti’s environmental situation has improved dramatically compared to previous years. Environmental management is made a priority by stakeholders and decision-makers, which in turn has a positive effect on other sectors such as health, natural resources, agriculture and the provision of services.
State of the Environment Report 2010 Table 36: Scenario “Hope emerges” Driving Forces Population Growth Descriptions The population growth rate is appropriate and its effects on the urban and rural environment subside. Demographic rate is reduced considerably compared to previous years. All the other priority areas show exemplary progress, namely a fall in urban migration linked to improved basic services in rural areas, increased national agricultural output due to job creation. Facilities and infrastructure are upgraded even in the most remote areas. The quality of life improves as life expectancy moves from 60 to 76 years by the year 2050. The State controls the growth rate by implementing information and familyplanning programmes. - Food Haiti embarks on the transformation of the raw materials it produces thereby reducing wastage as well as food insecurity. Adding value to some products extends the life of the product for the market. 163 Energy Needs State of the Environment Current trends, marked by rising consumption and heavy reliance on fossil fuels (oil and charcoal), must be reduced in the future. This step will be evidenced by the development of renewable energies (wind, biogas, solar, hydropower) over fossil fuels, enabling Haiti to lower CO 2 emissions and improve air quality. Haiti must plan to establish agencies to promote renewable energies as well as enact revised laws with a view to achieving sound, sustainable management of the energy sector. This will require a population aware of the importance of energy conservation. The existing environmental legislation is developed and becomes an effective tool in the management of the country’s natural resources. The relevant government agencies uncompromisingly carry out their duties, performing quality control of businesses involved in harvesting natural resources. - Marine and Coastal Environments A network of protected marine areas will be established in order to ensure protection of the coast. Plans are also made for the implementation of programmes on the regular cleaning of beaches, that people made aware of the importance of protecting the beaches, that coastal areas be developed while preserving the environment’s natural condition and that natural resources be used in a controlled manner in order to provide employment for people in the areas concerned. - Water Resources The State commits itself to the managing of water resources. Vegetative cover above rivers is considerably restored which will entail less anthropic stress on environmental resources. This will help replenish underground water reserves and improve the country’s hydroelectric power. Wastewater is treated before it is discharged into watercourses. More effective waste management is adopted and water catchment areas are protected from the effects of urbanization.
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