GEO Haiti 2010

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GEO HAITI • 2010 72 Table 9: Estimated firewood consumption, 1993 Consumption Sectors Quantity (in millions) % Source Tons m 3 Firewood 2655.0 3865.0 65.5 Households 2250.0 3275.0 Rural 68.0 100.0 Urban 103.0 150.0 Dead trees and shrubs Bakeries, dry cleaners , limekilns 233.0 340.0 Green wood, felled trees Rural industry (mills, distilleries, essential oils) Pruning, large unwanted trees, trees found along urban ravines Lumber and fruit trees Charcoal 1400.0 2038.0 34.5 Green wood from cleaning • urban households 1150.0 1674.0 activities, fallowed and fragile • informal sector and others 250.0 364.0 ecosystems ( mainly mangroves) TOTAL 4055.0 5903.0 100.0 Source: BME, 2009 Existing lignite deposits, because of their weak heating and quality capacity, lower than that of wood (10 to 12 against 15 to 16 MJ MJ / kg) are not, in the current context, a resource that can be effectively enhanced (ESMAP, 2007). Renewable energies, in percentage, represent a very small proportion of the national energy needs. Solar energy is used primarily for crop-drying and in the domestic sector, for clothes-drying. Some studies have been done on this type of energy, such as the use of 20 kilowatts of photovoltaic cells and modules imported from the United States in Table 10: Hydroelectric potential 1993. Certain rural areas have benefitted from this form of energy through the help of international organizations, mostly in the area of health services for disadvantaged populations. Photovoltaic energy remains a luxury product used only by the wealthy. The country has significant hydro-electric power capacity. The artificial lake Peligre leads the way with an output of 47.1 MW, followed by Drouet in the Artibonite region and Saut Mathurine in the South, respectively capable of power outputs of 2.8 MW and 2.4 MW (Table 10). Rivers or sources Developed site Height of the Power generated Turbine type waterfall (in MW) and date Artibonite Péligre 12.0 47.10 Francis (1971) Artibonite Drouet 9.0 2.80 Cavaillon Saut Mathurine 110.0 2.40 Ossberger (1978) Cayes-Jacmel Gaillard 210.0 0.50 Pelton (1983) Onde Verde Belladère 16.5 0.30 Pelton (1985) Caracol Caracol 160.0 0.85 Ossberger (1983) Délugé Délugé-Lanzac 298.0 0.80 Pelton (1985) Petite-Rivière Milot 111.0 0.13 Pelton (1991) TOTAL 55.00 Source: BME, 2009
State of the Environment Report 2010 Eolian energy has always been used in navigation, and some eolian pumps were set up, without success, in the main plains of the country, including in 1991, a 150 KW eolian park in the region of Port de Paix (Northwest), within the framework of the Federal German Republic Cooperation and EDH framework. However, it didn’t last due a lack of maintenance (BME, 2009). An investigation was carried out by Winergy (2006) on three sites (Cap Haïtien, Port de Paix and Fort Liberté) which led to recommendations, among which, a study on eolian potential in regard to the investors’ expectations. Figure 23: Recent evolution of tourism in Haiti 4.1.5 Tourism Tourism is one of the Haitian government’s priority areas, explicitly emphasized in its national strategy for economic growth and poverty reduction. Tourists include two broad categories: those who stay more than 24 hours in the country, and vacationers or cruise-ship passengers who spend less than 24 hours in the country. From 2002 to 2007, the number of vacationers staying for longer periods had increased from 108,000 to over 386,000, and that of cruise ship passengers, from 342,000 to over 482,000 23 . The following graph (Figure 23) outlines the flow of tourists between 1990 and 2006. It indicates an increased number of visitors since 1995, reaching its highest level in 2003. 73 1500 Indicator Travel expenses, including transport (U.S. $ million) Travel expenses without transport (million U.S. $) Average length of stay of visitors (days) Visitor arrivals (thousands) Nights of tourists (thousands) 1000 500 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year (Source: Dupond, 2009) Significant investments are now being made in the area of tourism, with more than $319 million by the private sector. With respect to State investment, it concentrates on four targeted areas as indicated in the Tourism Action Plan: the West, the North, the South and the Southeast regions, respectively receiving 13, 12, 3 and 4 billion gourds, according to the number of projects carried out in each region. The main attractions first include the country’s natural patrimony: beaches, mountains, caves, waterfalls and other sites of particular natural features, ranging from landscapes to specific flora and fauna, followed by Haiti’s cultural heritage: fortresses, castles, plazas, colonial buildings, cathedrals and finally, by its artistic and folklore manifestations, cuisine, etc. 23 http://www.lenouvelliste.com/article.php?PubID=1&ArticleID=68238
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GEO Haiti 2010

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