GEO Haiti 2010

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GEO HAITI • 2010 172 One cannot discuss the degradation of Haiti’s environment without emphasising the influence of disasters on its exacerbation. Haiti’s geographical location, its land occupation patterns and generalized poverty are the main factors which increase Haiti’s vulnerability to the risk of disasters and climate change. The occurrence of disasters in Haiti has caused extensive material damage including a significant loss of human lives. However, some progress has been achieved on the issue through the development of a National Risk and Disaster Management Plan (PNGRD) and local and community Civil Protection Committees, allowing decision-makers to improve their capacity to cope with natural disasters. Public awareness-campaigns on hurricanes and mitigation projects have also been successful. Nevertheless, the implementation of actions often presents some weaknesses, as for example, a lack of coordination and the overlapping of activities by the institutions involved in risk and disaster management. These deficiencies can be attributed to an overhead governance problem. In summary, decision-makers will have to establish response mechanisms in order to face the major environmental challenges in Haiti, those characterised by anthropic pressures on its natural resources. Some possible mechanisms have already been mentioned, but others will have to be anticipated in order to ensure better intervention and management of Haiti’s environment. Among these, we could mention the following: • Institutional strengthening; • Public-awareness and educational programmes; • Implementation of early warning systems; • Establishment of weather stations in high risk zones; • Vulnerability studies on a national scale; • Rehabilitation programmes for the marine and coastal environment; • Implementation of systems to combat erosion (land, gully); • Implementation of systems to regulate watercourses; • Creation and management of protected areas; • Implementation of replenishing and reforestation programmes (planting, sowing, pest control); • Definition of the role of the various actors participating in environmental management in Haiti.
State of the Environment Report 2010 173 BIBLIOGRAPHY AHSI (2006). «Haïti: Nette amélioration de la téléphonie mobile et de la télé densité, selon une étude de l’AHSI». Alter Presse. Port-au Prince. 14 février 2007. ALBERTINI, J-M (1987). Mécanismes du sous-développement et développements. Éditions ouvrières. BANQUE MONDIALE (2000). Éducation Fondamentale en Haïti. BARTHELEMY, G. (1996). Dans la splendeur d’un après-midi d’histoire. Ed. Deschamps. BARTHELEMY, G. et al. (2003). Haïti, l’île nue, Éditions Vents d’ailleurs. BME (1998). Les carrières de sable. Richesse ou plaie. BME (1999). Énergie et environnement en Haïti. BME (2001). Inventaire des gaz à effet de serre en Haïti. BME (2009). L’énergie en Haïti. Diagnostic du secteur de l’énergie. Disponible sur internet: http:// www.bme.gouv.ht/energie/diagnost.html BOUCHON et al. (2000). Diagnostic écologique des écosystèmes et des ressources marines côtières de la République de Haïti: la région de Port-au-Prince à Saint-Marc. BRAS, A. (2005). Évaluation des risques sanitaires des Ookystes de Cryptosporidium dans l’eau destinée à la consommation humaine distribuée dans la zone métropolitaine de Port-au-Prince, Haïti. (Projet de fin d’études pour l’obtention du diplôme d’ingénieur civil, Université Quisqueya.) BRASSEUR P. et al. (2002). Circulation des Oocystes de Cryptosporidium dans les eaux de surface et de distribution par adduction publique à Port-au-Prince, Haïti. BRH (2003). Rapport annuel 2003. BRH (2004). Rapport annuel 2003. BRH (2005). Bulletin statistique 53. Octobre-Décembre 2004. CADET, C. (2001). Haïti face aux défis de la décentralisation. Rapport de diagnostic et cadre d’orientation stratégique en vue de la définition de politiques publiques.
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GEO Haiti 2010

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