Appendix H - Historical Archaeological and ... - CBP.gov

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Templates for inventory forms for prehistoric and historical archaeological sites may also be obtained by contacting the SHPO. Qualifications for cultural resources specialists: Principal investigators for cultural resources investigations conducted in New York State are required to meet the minimal qualifications described in 36 CFR Part 61. Permit or other requirements for archaeological investigations: The New York SHPO does not require a permit for archaeological investigations. Tribal statutes and treaties From 1777 to 1871, relations between the United States and Native American tribes were conducted through treaties. The Six Nations rights to lands in Central and Western New York were established through a series of treaties, such as the 1794 Treaty of Canandaigua, the 1797 Treaty of Big Tree, and the 1842 Buffalo Creek Treaty. The 1796 Treaty of New York City established the St. Regis Mohawk Reservation in the extreme northern part of the state. Following rejection of the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act by the reservation’s inhabitants, it was reestablished in the 1960s and 1970s (e.g. http://srmt-nsn.gov/government/culture _and_history/; http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k276283.image). Two tribes in New York State have THPOs: the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe and the Seneca Nation of Indians (www.nathpo.org/THPO/state_list.htm#NewYork). No special agreements exist between the THPO and the New York SHPO. Federal lands and agencies Three Federal agencies possess land in the project area in the New York State: the Department of Defense (DOD), including Army Corps of Engineers lakes, (Fort Drum, Mount Morris Lake, the Seneca Army Depot [closed], Plattsburgh Air Force Base [closed], Air Force Plant No. 38, the Camden Test Annex, Griffiss Air Force Base [closed], Hancock Field [owned by the Air Force], and a U.S. Marine Corps Reserve Training Center); the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)(the Iroquois and Montezuma National Wildlife Reserves); and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) (Finger Lakes National Forest) (www.nationalatlas.gov). 5.7.2.2 Pennsylvania State Historic Cultural Resources Laws, Statutes, and Regulations In addition to the Federal regulatory framework governing the management of cultural resources, state laws (and the regulations and agreements emanating from them) govern the treatment of historic and archaeological resources in Pennsylvania. Such laws are generally restricted to protecting cultural resources that may be threatened by Federal, state-funded, or state-permitted projects. Pennsylvania’s cultural resources regulatory framework that may be relevant to CBP’s mission and programs are: The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania http://sites.state.pa.us/PA_Constitution.html Northern Border Activities H-188 July 2012
Historic resources are addressed in Article 1, Section 27 of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, which states that, “The people have a right to clean air, pure water, and to the preservation of the natural, scenic, historic and esthetic values of the environment. Pennsylvania's public natural resources are the common property of all the people, including generations yet to come. As trustee of these resources, the Commonwealth shall conserve and maintain them for the benefit of all the people.” The Pennsylvania History Code (Pennsylvania Consolidated Statute, Title 37, Historical and Museums) www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/historic_preservation/3741/laws___re gulations/418109 The Pennsylvania History Code was established as a counterpart to the National Historic Preservation Act. Along with Article 1, Section 27 of the Constitution of Pennsylvania, it declares historic preservation to be the public policy and in the public interest of the state. The act created the Pennsylvania Register of Historic Places, the official list of sites, buildings, structures, areas, or objects significant in the history, architecture, archeology, or culture of the state, its communities, or the Nation. State Historic Preservation Office The SHPO for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is the Bureau for Historic Preservation (BHP), which is part of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC). The BHP: Maintains Pennsylvania’s cultural resource inventory; Prepares the state preservation plan; Nominates historic properties to the National Register; Reviews state and Federal actions for their effects on cultural resources; Assists in certifying historic building rehabilitation projects that seek tax incentives; Conducts archaeological investigations and surveys for other cultural resources; Oversees designations of historic districts under municipal ordinances; Advises local governments concerning preservation issues; Provides grants for restorations of historic buildings; and, Aids certified local governments with historic preservation programs. The BHP website is www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/historic_ preservation/3741. Inventory and evaluation (National Register) procedures: Procedures for identification, inventory and evaluation of National Register-eligible properties in Pennsylvania follow those outlined in the ACHP guidelines for the protection of Cultural and Historic Properties (36 CFR Part 800) and Chapter 5 of the Pennsylvania History Code. Pennsylvania also has a “Request to Initiate Consultation Form,” which they Northern Border Activities H-189 July 2012
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APPENDIX H HISTORIC, ARCHAEOLOGICAL
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Relatively few early Paleo-Indian s
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to 8,690±50 B.P. and 8,670±60 B.P
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midden at the Knox site. The first
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fauna diminished (as did the specie
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Woodland Period The first use of ce
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In general, early archaeological si
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more during the Archaic period by c
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ever occupied” (Thomas et al., 19
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1.1.3 GREAT LAKES REGION 1.1.3.1 St
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same contexts, such as at the Front
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Ritchie and Funk, 1973:97). Graves
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ectangular-shaped houses (Engelbrec
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Early Archaic preference towards oc
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York just north of the Pennsylvania
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2000:99). Typical ceramic vessels f
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Early Archaic projectile point form
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typically located on high terrain n
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worked projectile points; anvilston
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epresented as the late prehistoric
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encampments occurred in the moraina
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northerly ceramics with ceramics mo
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1999; Fitting, 1974; Franzen, 1987;
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Beginning as early as the tenth cen
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they comprised were copper implemen
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“mobile bands using large territo
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Figure H-2. Prehistoric/Precontact
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Site types range across the full sp
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Figure H-4. Plateau and Northern Ro
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of processed resources such as char
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large part to poor preservation of
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climate, which was at a peak of war
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the early to middle Holocene (ca. 8
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archaeological record of residentia
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In northern Maine, the Madawaska se
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1.2.1.2 State of New Hampshire Con
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Agriculture Mid-nineteenth- to earl
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United States and Europe. Rustic ca
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forts in the Champlain Valley, New
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accommodate plows pulled by oxen, h
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1.2.2 GREAT LAKES REGION 1.2.2.1 St
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Transportation Overland roads were
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several wind-energy projects and wi
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in 1759 (Waddell and Bomberger, 199
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During the Revolutionary War, Major
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the years after the Civil War, grap
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Disagreements over this area erupte
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Figure H-8. Ohio Land Grants and Su
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made of frame construction, and lat
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transfiguring industry in general w
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crossings. The bridge follows a sim
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influx of German and Scandinavian i
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The first routes through the wilder
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Montana is rich in mineral resource
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Figure H-9. Early Trails, Trading P
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Figure H-10. Railroad System in Ida
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Midwestern reserves of white pine b
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to wildlife preserves, parks and pr
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Social and Cultural Single men pred
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the Puget Sound region and a few in
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community airfields. By this time,
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until the 1960s (Fahey, 1986:175-17
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Among the first actions of Washingt
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2 NATIVE AMERICAN SACRED SITES AND
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includes the Vermont Historic Prese
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2.1.4 WOR REGION 2.1.4.1 States of
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Object. An object is defined as a s
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Structures The most imposing histor
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Page 139 and 140: Table H-1. Representative Architect
Page 141 and 142: Allegheny County Owned River Bridge
Page 143 and 144: Architectural Styles/Forms Building
Page 145 and 146: Numerous historic-era lodges, resor
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Page 149 and 150: 4 PALEONTOLOGIC RESOURCES This Pale
Page 151 and 152: to the geological study-area maps a
Page 153 and 154: 4.2.1.2 New Hampshire Summary Paleo
Page 155 and 156: achiopods, nautiloids, and even rar
Page 157 and 158: 4.2.2.4 Michigan Summary Paleontolo
Page 159 and 160: Cretaceous - A northeastern extensi
Page 161 and 162: warm, with wetter conditions near t
Page 163 and 164: 4.2.4.2 Washington Summary Paleonto
Page 165 and 166: Northern Border Activities H-165 Ju
Page 167 and 168: Figure H-16. Geologically Relevant
Page 173 and 174: The nature of consultation in Secti
Page 175 and 176: NHPA and 36 CFR 800, it established
Page 177 and 178: invertebrate and plant paleontologi
Page 179 and 180: For above-ground culture resources
Page 181 and 182: Cultural resource laws for New Hamp
Page 183 and 184: It does not appear that a permit is
Page 185 and 186: farming or forestry). Some other si
Page 187: Maintains the New York State Regist
Page 191 and 192: Permit or other requirements for ar
Page 193 and 194: State preservation plan: The OHPO S
Page 195 and 196: State preservation plan Michigan’
Page 197 and 198: Provides technical assistance to lo
Page 199 and 200: Indians, and the Stockbridge-Munsee
Page 201 and 202: 5. To expand and enhance efforts to
Page 203 and 204: The Archaeology and Historic Preser
Page 205 and 206: Administering Federal tax incentive
Page 207 and 208: State Historic Preservation Office
Page 209 and 210: Oversees the identification and eva
Page 211 and 212: REFERENCES (Aaberg, et al., 2003).
Page 213 and 214: (Blaisdell, 1982). Blaisdell, Katha
Page 215 and 216: (Bunker, 1994). Bunker, V. 1994. Ne
Page 217 and 218: (Churchill, 1967). Churchill, M. G.
Page 219 and 220: (DeMallie, 2001a). DeMallie, R. J.
Page 221 and 222: (Fahey, 1965). Fahey, John. 1965. I
Page 223 and 224: (Funk and Hoagland, 1972). Funk, R.
Page 225 and 226: (Hackbarth, 2003). Hackbarth, Linda
Page 227 and 228: (Hickcox, 1983). Hickcox, David H.
Page 229 and 230: (Johnson, 1988). Johnson, Curtis B.
Page 231 and 232: (Langhorne, 1976). Langhorne, Willi
Page 233 and 234: (Maymon and Bolian, 1992). Maymon,
Page 235 and 236: (MN SHPO, 2006). Minnesota State Hi
Page 237 and 238: (Ozker, 1982). Ozker, D. B. 1982. A
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(Randall and Ryan, 1912). Randall,
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(Sanford, 1894). Sanford, L. G. 189
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(Stamps and Zurel, 1980). Stamps, R
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(Stothers, et al., 2001). Stothers,
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(USDA, 2007). U.S. Department of Ag
Page 249 and 250:
(Wright, 1972). Wright, J. V. 1972.
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