Appendix H - Historical Archaeological and ... - CBP.gov

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1855 and 1864 and was subsequently reorganized under the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act (http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k276283.image; www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/325/usc_ sec_25_00001300---j000-.html). Four tribes in Michigan have THPOs: the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community; the Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians; the Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians; and the Bay Mills Indian Community (http://mishporehab.wordpress.com/?s=THPO). No special agreements exist between any of the THPOs and the SHPO. Federal lands and agencies Four Federal agencies possess land in the project area in Michigan: the DOD (including the Army Corps of Engineers lakes) (K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base [closed], Camp Graying Military Reservation, Wurtsmith Air Force Base [closed], and Selfridge Air Force Base); the USFWS (the Shiawassee, Michigan Islands, and Seney National Wildlife Refuges); the USFS (Hiawatha, Ottawa, and Huron National Forests and the Upper Peninsula Experimental Forest), and the NPS (Isle Royale National Park and Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore) (www.nationalatlas.gov). 5.7.2.5 Wisconsin State Historic Cultural Resource Laws, Statutes, and Regulations In addition to the Federal regulatory framework governing the management of cultural resources, state laws (and the regulations and agreements emanating from them) govern the treatment of historic and archaeological resources in Wisconsin. Such laws are generally restricted to protecting cultural resources that may be threatened by Federal, state-funded, or state-permitted projects. Wisconsin’s cultural resources regulatory framework that may be relevant to CBP’s mission and program are: Subchapter II of Chapters 44.30 to 44.48, Wisconsin Statutes and Annotations, 1987: http://legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/Stat0044.pdf Subchapter II of Chapter 44 of the Wisconsin Statutes and Annotations establishes the state’s Historic Preservation Program as a counterpart to the NHPA and declares historic preservation to be the public policy and in the public interest of the state. The statute created the Wisconsin Inventory of Historic Places, the official list of sites, buildings, structures, areas, or objects significant in the history, architecture, archeology, or culture of the state, its communities, or the Nation. Federal historic preservation laws applicable to Federal projects in Wisconsin: www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/fhpl/contents.htm. State Historic Preservation Office The SHPO for the State of Wisconsin is the Wisconsin Historical Society (WHS). The WHS: Maintains inventories of historic properties; Administers grants; Conducts and supports archaeological research; Northern Border Activities H-196 July 2012
Provides technical assistance to local governments and owners of historic properties; Administers Federal and state tax credit programs for the rehabilitation of historic properties; Catalogs burial sites (including Native American mounds) and prehistoric sites and structures; Administers the Wisconsin Historical Markers Program; Administers the Certified Local Government Program; and, Nominates sites to the State and National Registers of Historic Places; The WHS website is www.wisconsinhistory.org/hp/about.asp. Inventory and evaluation (National Register) procedures: The Wisconsin SHPO project review procedures are at www.wisconsinhistory.org/hp/ protecting/106_intro.asp. State preservation plan: Wisconsin’s state historic preservation plan is entitled Wisconsin Historic Preservation Plan 2006–2015 and is at www.wisconsinhistory.org/hp/docs/plan.pdf. Resources for identifying locations of cultural resources (GIS, web, database etc.): For state rules guiding the conduct of archaeological investigations, refer to www.wisconsinhistory.org/archaeology/osa/index.asp. For state rules guiding the conduct of architectural and historical investigations, refer to www.wisconsinhistory.org/hp/survey-manual/. The Wisconsin Historic Preservation Database provides information on historic structures, archaeological sites and burials within the state for registered users. For information on access to the WHPD, refer to www.wisconsinhistory.org/hp/whpd/. For information on Architectural and Historic Inventory, refer to www.wisconsinhistory.org/ahi/. For information on other historic research databases pertinent to Wisconsin, refer to www.wisconsinhistory.org/hp/professionals.asp. Guidance to Federal agencies for 106 and other compliance: For SHPO project review procedures, refer to www.wisconsinhistory.org/hp/ protecting/106_intro.asp. Special forms for SHPO 106 notification or identified cultural resources: For forms required to initiate the 106 process in Wisconsin, refer to www.wisconsinhistory.org/hp/protecting/instructions.asp. Northern Border Activities H-197 July 2012
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APPENDIX H HISTORIC, ARCHAEOLOGICAL
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Relatively few early Paleo-Indian s
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to 8,690±50 B.P. and 8,670±60 B.P
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midden at the Knox site. The first
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fauna diminished (as did the specie
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Woodland Period The first use of ce
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In general, early archaeological si
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more during the Archaic period by c
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ever occupied” (Thomas et al., 19
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1.1.3 GREAT LAKES REGION 1.1.3.1 St
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same contexts, such as at the Front
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Ritchie and Funk, 1973:97). Graves
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ectangular-shaped houses (Engelbrec
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Early Archaic preference towards oc
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York just north of the Pennsylvania
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2000:99). Typical ceramic vessels f
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Early Archaic projectile point form
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typically located on high terrain n
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worked projectile points; anvilston
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epresented as the late prehistoric
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encampments occurred in the moraina
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northerly ceramics with ceramics mo
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1999; Fitting, 1974; Franzen, 1987;
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Beginning as early as the tenth cen
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they comprised were copper implemen
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“mobile bands using large territo
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Figure H-2. Prehistoric/Precontact
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Site types range across the full sp
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Figure H-4. Plateau and Northern Ro
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of processed resources such as char
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large part to poor preservation of
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climate, which was at a peak of war
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the early to middle Holocene (ca. 8
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archaeological record of residentia
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In northern Maine, the Madawaska se
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1.2.1.2 State of New Hampshire Con
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Agriculture Mid-nineteenth- to earl
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United States and Europe. Rustic ca
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forts in the Champlain Valley, New
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accommodate plows pulled by oxen, h
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1.2.2 GREAT LAKES REGION 1.2.2.1 St
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Transportation Overland roads were
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several wind-energy projects and wi
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in 1759 (Waddell and Bomberger, 199
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During the Revolutionary War, Major
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the years after the Civil War, grap
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Disagreements over this area erupte
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Figure H-8. Ohio Land Grants and Su
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made of frame construction, and lat
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transfiguring industry in general w
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crossings. The bridge follows a sim
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influx of German and Scandinavian i
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The first routes through the wilder
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Montana is rich in mineral resource
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Figure H-9. Early Trails, Trading P
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Figure H-10. Railroad System in Ida
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Midwestern reserves of white pine b
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to wildlife preserves, parks and pr
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Social and Cultural Single men pred
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the Puget Sound region and a few in
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community airfields. By this time,
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until the 1960s (Fahey, 1986:175-17
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Among the first actions of Washingt
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2 NATIVE AMERICAN SACRED SITES AND
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includes the Vermont Historic Prese
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2.1.4 WOR REGION 2.1.4.1 States of
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Object. An object is defined as a s
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Structures The most imposing histor
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figures, and the women’s rights m
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Table H-1. Representative Architect
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Allegheny County Owned River Bridge
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Architectural Styles/Forms Building
Page 145 and 146: Numerous historic-era lodges, resor
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Page 149 and 150: 4 PALEONTOLOGIC RESOURCES This Pale
Page 151 and 152: to the geological study-area maps a
Page 153 and 154: 4.2.1.2 New Hampshire Summary Paleo
Page 155 and 156: achiopods, nautiloids, and even rar
Page 157 and 158: 4.2.2.4 Michigan Summary Paleontolo
Page 159 and 160: Cretaceous - A northeastern extensi
Page 161 and 162: warm, with wetter conditions near t
Page 163 and 164: 4.2.4.2 Washington Summary Paleonto
Page 165 and 166: Northern Border Activities H-165 Ju
Page 167 and 168: Figure H-16. Geologically Relevant
Page 173 and 174: The nature of consultation in Secti
Page 175 and 176: NHPA and 36 CFR 800, it established
Page 177 and 178: invertebrate and plant paleontologi
Page 179 and 180: For above-ground culture resources
Page 181 and 182: Cultural resource laws for New Hamp
Page 183 and 184: It does not appear that a permit is
Page 185 and 186: farming or forestry). Some other si
Page 187 and 188: Maintains the New York State Regist
Page 189 and 190: Historic resources are addressed in
Page 191 and 192: Permit or other requirements for ar
Page 193 and 194: State preservation plan: The OHPO S
Page 195: State preservation plan Michigan’
Page 199 and 200: Indians, and the Stockbridge-Munsee
Page 201 and 202: 5. To expand and enhance efforts to
Page 203 and 204: The Archaeology and Historic Preser
Page 205 and 206: Administering Federal tax incentive
Page 207 and 208: State Historic Preservation Office
Page 209 and 210: Oversees the identification and eva
Page 211 and 212: REFERENCES (Aaberg, et al., 2003).
Page 213 and 214: (Blaisdell, 1982). Blaisdell, Katha
Page 215 and 216: (Bunker, 1994). Bunker, V. 1994. Ne
Page 217 and 218: (Churchill, 1967). Churchill, M. G.
Page 219 and 220: (DeMallie, 2001a). DeMallie, R. J.
Page 221 and 222: (Fahey, 1965). Fahey, John. 1965. I
Page 223 and 224: (Funk and Hoagland, 1972). Funk, R.
Page 225 and 226: (Hackbarth, 2003). Hackbarth, Linda
Page 227 and 228: (Hickcox, 1983). Hickcox, David H.
Page 229 and 230: (Johnson, 1988). Johnson, Curtis B.
Page 231 and 232: (Langhorne, 1976). Langhorne, Willi
Page 233 and 234: (Maymon and Bolian, 1992). Maymon,
Page 235 and 236: (MN SHPO, 2006). Minnesota State Hi
Page 237 and 238: (Ozker, 1982). Ozker, D. B. 1982. A
Page 239 and 240: (Randall and Ryan, 1912). Randall,
Page 241 and 242: (Sanford, 1894). Sanford, L. G. 189
Page 243 and 244: (Stamps and Zurel, 1980). Stamps, R
Page 245 and 246: (Stothers, et al., 2001). Stothers,
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(USDA, 2007). U.S. Department of Ag
Page 249 and 250:
(Wright, 1972). Wright, J. V. 1972.
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