Using Polymer Modified Asphalt Emulsions in Surface Treatments A ...

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websites; the Asphalt Institute’s on-line document collection; the Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA) technical document and reference collection; and the Google search engine. Numerous pavement and polymer research publications such as the publications of the Transportation Research Board (TRB) and the Asphalt Paving Technologists (AAPT); the International Journal of Pavement Engineering; the Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering; Polymer Engineering and Science Journal; and the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, were also examined. Although this review focuses principally on polymer modified asphalt emulsions (PME), literature and research dealing with direct-modified binders (such as those used in hot mix) have also been utilized in cases where the results could reasonably be extrapolated. For example, some polymer modifiers occur only in solid form, and must be added directly to the asphalt regardless of whether the binder will be hot-applied, or emulsified; whereas liquid modifiers may be added either to the soap mix; co-milled; or in some cases, post-added to the emulsion mix either at the plant or in the field. Thus, research dealing with the impact of polymer modification on asphalt binders may have some implications with respect to both hot mix and emulsion applications. 1.4 Report Organization Section 1 presents an introduction and overview of this report. The results and discussion of the literature review are provided in Section 2. Section 3 presents the recommendations for the laboratory testing program and specifications, and a summary of the recommended application guidelines derived from the literature review and laboratory study will be provided in the final report following completion of the laboratory study. 3
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW OF POLYMER MODIFIED ASPHALT EMULSIONS This section presents the results of the literature review with respect to the types, modification methods, demonstrated performance, surface treatments, environmental applicability, materials selection, and cost-benefit analysis of polymer modifiers. A brief overview of polymer and emulsion chemistry is provided, as is a discussion of the pavement conditions and applications which contraindicate the use of polymer modifiers. 2.1 Basics of Polymers and Asphalt Emulsions This section introduces and describes some of the basic terms and concepts related to polymers, polymer chemistry, and asphalt emulsions. While the purpose is not to provide a comprehensive narrative of the complexities of polymer chemistry, a grasp of the essential terminology and processes is beneficial in understanding the formulation, advantages, and applications of polymer modified asphalt emulsions. 2.1.1 Polymer Terminology and Chemistry A polymer is a natural or synthetic high-molecular weight organic compound which consists of a chain of smaller, simpler repeating units known as monomers. For example, the monomer “ethylene” may be “polymerized” (i.e., individual ethylene molecules chained together) to form “polyethylene”. When two or more distinct types of monomers are combined, the resulting compound is termed a “copolymer.” The structure of copolymers may be random, or may repeat in blocks of polymers (block copolymers) as illustrated in Figure 1. An example of a block copolymer is “polystyreneb-poly(methyl methacrylate)” or PS-b-PMMA, which consists of blocks of polymerized styrene (a monomer) and polymerized MMA (another monomer). PS-b-PMMA is further categorized as a “diblock” copolymer, because it consists of two different polymerized monomers. Polymer structures include straight, radial, crosslinked, and irregularly branched chains. Factors which can influence the behavior and performance of polymers include chemistry, structure, bonding types, and the manufacturing process. 4
Page 1 and 2: Using Polymer Modified Asphalt Emul
Page 3 and 4: 2.10 SURFACE TREATMENTS, DISTRESS,
Page 5 and 6: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Needs to be Compl
Page 7 and 8: DISCLAIMER This document is dissemi
Page 9: 1. Compile published research on th
Page 13 and 14: the emulsion solution is termed the
Page 15 and 16: molecular weights ranging up to 100
Page 17 and 18: Elastomeric polymers exhibit a low
Page 19 and 20: The first commercial process that w
Page 21 and 22: 2.2.3 Synthetic Rubber and Latex Sy
Page 23 and 24: Latex Modified Unmodified 80 Chip R
Page 25 and 26: of residual asphalt (3). Additional
Page 27 and 28: Sabbagh and Lesser (1998) note that
Page 29 and 30: 2.2.6 Plastics The plastic polymer
Page 31 and 32: high temperature performance, but w
Page 33 and 34: 2.2.7 Polymer Blends Select polymer
Page 35 and 36: Table 2: Polymer Modification Metho
Page 37 and 38: Forbes et al found that asphalt emu
Page 39 and 40: Lubbers and Watson (2005) present t
Page 41 and 42: Takamura and Heckmann (1999) sugges
Page 43 and 44: Neat Asphalt + 8% LDPE1 + 8% LDPE2
Page 45 and 46: Figure 16: Effect of SBS Concentrat
Page 47 and 48: destruction of the polymer modifier
Page 49 and 50: emulsified and non-emulsified aspha
Page 51 and 52: However, in developing the SPG, Epp
Page 53 and 54: • Forced Air-Drying Method - This
Page 55 and 56: • Wet Track Abrasion Loss - used
Page 57 and 58: ductility (61). King characterizes
Page 59 and 60: Polymer modified asphalt emulsions
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3 40-120º F 5.02 12.81 6.04 14.92
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emulsions require a much longer set
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Figure 20: Chip Seal Aggregate Rete
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design specifications are meticulou
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Holleran (n.d.) recommends using SB
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22 20 18 Vertical Displacement (%)
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seal stone retention, and to provid
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Microsurfacing applications by defi
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Thus, the cohesive properties of SB
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dimensional polymer network is pres
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Moreover, although the moduli of th
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Numerous decision tools and best pr
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3.0 LABORATORY TESTING AND SPECIFIC
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and performance-related specificati
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were consistently twice as high as
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• Polymer/Asphalt Compatibility a
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angle at the lowest pavement temper
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damaged by temperature. The problem
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Because the industry survey and oth
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conforming to the following criteri
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with faster curing and longer wear.
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Table 17: Comparison of Microsurfac
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Emulsion/Aggregate Performance Test
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the FLH report-only format be used
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leading the negatives. If post-blen
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opportunity to evaluate performance
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traffic areas, as are durable, poli
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esearchers, with the leading candid
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Table 13 illustrates a draft Strawm
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Laboratory Design Procedures • Ch
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• Develop/improve performance met
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specification tests will cost appro
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PROPERTY TEST METHOD SPEC. RESULT B
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14. Takamura, Koichi, “SBR Latice
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38. Turk, Johannes, and Schmidt, Ma
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62. Desmazes, C., Lecomte, M., Lesu
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86. European Standard EN 14895, “
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