Handover mechanisms in next generation heterogeneous wireless ...

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MULTI-INTERFACE MOBILE MODEL FOR MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER With the MIAU, data traffic can not be recovered until the switching of network interfaces has been completed in a handover. In this section, a multi-interface mobile terminal model based on the MIAU is presented. The proposed model can retain the MIAU’s support for ordinary upper layer protocols, and enable fast handover, which is not achieved in the traditional MIAU solutions. With the MIAU, the proposed multi-interface model can maximise its compatibility with upper layer protocols such as Mobile IP and TCP. Meanwhile, the support on the latest IEEE 802.21 framework [118] provides extensibility. MIH functional services are utilised for internal communications among the system modules at a mobile terminal. In the proposed model, IEEE 802.21 is utilised in such a way that a mobile terminal can cooperate with both non-MIH networks infrastructure and MIH enabled networks in future. To tackle handover delay problem of the MIAU, the cross-layer design is introduced into the model to shorten the gap between adjacent layers. The proposed generic multi-interface architecture is shown in Figure 7.2. An intermediate component, named as Handover Management Module (HMM) is proposed between upper layers and lower layers. Acting as a logical layer to isolate the heterogeneities of physical network media from applications, the HMM is responsible for handover related processing. The HMM is composed of four subsystem modules: Policy Manager (PM), Handover Decision Trigger (HDT), Network Selector (NS) and POA Candidate Cache (PCC). Four subsystem modules work together to gathers versatile information from heterogeneous network interfaces and make handover decision. The internal communications can be based on the MIH services or any userdefined services. The HDT is included in the HMM to receive the cross-layer trigger commands from the NS, and prompt the corresponding processing at Mobile IP [21]. In this thesis, crosslayer trigger is referred to as the process of informing Mobile IP of changes to link status at lower layers. Handover policies are managed by the PM, and executed by the NS, in which various handover decision algorithms can be implemented. The communications between the HMM and lower layers are relayed by the PCC. The PCC helps to mitigate the heterogeneity of lower layer network stack, and ensure that lower layer metric information conforms to the common rules for processing at the HMM. - 140 -
MULTI-INTERFACE MOBILE MODEL FOR MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER Each network interface can work in either primary or standby mode. At any time, only one network interface is in primary mode at any time and is activated for carrying data and signalling traffic. Other interfaces are in standby mode and are allowed to receive signalling from new POAs by incorporating intelligence at HMM. Thus, a mobile terminal may utilise redundant signalling streams enabled on its standby interfaces for network discovery and other operations. Figure 7.2 A generic multi-interface model for media independent handover Figure 7.2 illustrates all the subsystem modules, and their possible interactions between each other. Handover metric information such as signal strength, QoS and service type from both lower layers and upper layers is carried on the defined HMM Metrics, which are implemented in 802.21 MIH Information service. The HMM Metrics provide network condition information on to the HMM to assist its handover decision. The MIH event services are utilised to notify the HMM of link events. In response, the HMM sends HMM Commands to trigger the corresponding operations at either lower layers or - 141 -
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Handover Mechanisms in Next Generat
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all, I woul
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.4.2 Power Save
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LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 7.2 A generi
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ABSTRACT New access technologies su
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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION New access t
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INTRODUCTION becomes available. Han
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INTRODUCTION The above multipliciti
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INTRODUCTION network trust pattern
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INTRODUCTION 1.3 Related Publicatio
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INTRODUCTION TECHNICAL REPORTS XIII
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT horizontally. H
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT The objective o
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT air interface,
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT proposed archit
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT Access point (A
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT users. Moreover
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT For IEEE 802.11
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT The two schemes
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT When a MH is mo
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3.1 Introduction Chapter 3 HANDOVER
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SECURITY FOR HANDOVER ACROSS HETERO
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DYNAMIC NEIGHBOUR TRUST INFORMATION
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Chapter 5 TRUST ASSISTED HANDOVER A
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TRUST ASSISTED HANDOVER ALGORITHM F
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Page 101 and 102: TRUST ASSISTED HANDOVER ALGORITHM F
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Page 181 and 182: REFERENCES [12] C. Politis, T. Oda,
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