Handover mechanisms in next generation heterogeneous wireless ...

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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT consideration. This is due to the fact that MCHO-enabled mobile user is always in a position of discovering neighbouring networks irrespective of their trust relations in between each other. However, the sum of every individual user’s convenience will hardly result in an efficient global network resources management [31]. Therefore, in the tightly coupled integration architecture, the NCHO and MAHO are the most desirable solution from a network operator’s perspective. In contrast, the MCHO is preferred for the loosely coupled and peer-network integration architecture, in which less collaboration between network operators may be available or information exchange would incur hefty signalling traffic. 2.3.2 Handover Algorithms Once a handover control scheme is determined for a specific integrated network, relevant handover procedure can be executed. Handover procedure in a heterogeneous environment is more complex than that in a homogeneous wireless network, which is single technology based. As a rule of thumb, the switching of underlying access technologies should be kept transparent to higher layer applications of a mobile user during a handover. Figure 2.5 shows the handover procedure when the MCHO is applied in the integration of 3G PLMN and WLAN networks. Figure 2.5 Handover procedure in the integration of 3G PLMN and WLAN networks - 28 -
HANDOVER MANAGEMENT When a MH is moving into a WLAN’s radio coverage, it selects an Access Point (AP) to establish the WLAN connection. The network selection is determined by the implemented handover decision algorithms at the mobile handset (Step 1). Then, the MH starts to get itself authenticated with the AAA server using its Network Access Identifier (NAI) (Step 2). The NAI may be modified and resent if the visited WLAN is unable to route the authentication request to the AAA server. The AAA messages may have to be routed via several AAA proxies, which could reside in the third-party networks. Once the MH’s identity is verified, the AAA server registers the MH’s 3G AAA server to the Home Subscriber Server (HSS) (Step 3) and sends the connection authorization information to the WLAN for tunnel establishment (Step 4). The WLAN stores the keying materials and tunnelling attributes for later communication with the MH. The routing enforcement (Step 5) at the WLAN Access Gateway (WAG) is optional for the MH to use 3G packet-based services. The WAG is on the path between the MH and the Packet Data Gateway (PDG). After the MH associates with the new network, in this case, the WLAN, it may explicitly indicate to the previously attached network to perform disconnection (Step 6). During a handover across heterogeneous wireless networks, once the target network is determined, the following procedure is defined by the interworking mechanisms including mobility protocols, authentication methods, integration architecture and so forth. Handover algorithms are employed to determine the target network for handover, and make the corresponding decision. This is driven by the introduction of “Always Best Connected” (ABC) concept [34] in mobile service provisioning. - 29 -
Page 1 and 2: Handover Mechanisms in Next Generat
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all, I woul
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.4.2 Power Save
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES Fig
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 7.2 A generi
Page 11 and 12: ABSTRACT New access technologies su
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION New access t
Page 15 and 16: INTRODUCTION becomes available. Han
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION The above multipliciti
Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTION network trust pattern
Page 21 and 22: INTRODUCTION 1.3 Related Publicatio
Page 23 and 24: INTRODUCTION TECHNICAL REPORTS XIII
Page 25 and 26: HANDOVER MANAGEMENT horizontally. H
Page 27 and 28: HANDOVER MANAGEMENT The objective o
Page 29 and 30: HANDOVER MANAGEMENT air interface,
Page 31 and 32: HANDOVER MANAGEMENT proposed archit
Page 33 and 34: HANDOVER MANAGEMENT Access point (A
Page 35 and 36: HANDOVER MANAGEMENT users. Moreover
Page 37 and 38: HANDOVER MANAGEMENT For IEEE 802.11
Page 39: HANDOVER MANAGEMENT The two schemes
Page 43 and 44: 3.1 Introduction Chapter 3 HANDOVER
Page 45 and 46: SECURITY FOR HANDOVER ACROSS HETERO
Page 69 and 70: DYNAMIC NEIGHBOUR TRUST INFORMATION
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DYNAMIC NEIGHBOUR TRUST INFORMATION
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Chapter 5 TRUST ASSISTED HANDOVER A
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TRUST ASSISTED HANDOVER ALGORITHM F
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Chapter 6 PROXY BASED AUTHENTICATIO
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PROXY BASED AUTHENTICATION LOCALISA
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MULTI-INTERFACE MOBILE MODEL FOR ME
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CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH WOR
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ABBREVIATIONS 3G 3rd Generation Wir
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ABBREVIATIONS LS Location Server MH
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ABBREVIATIONS THOA Trust Assisted H
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REFERENCES [12] C. Politis, T. Oda,
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REFERENCES [37] Wi-Fi Alliance, "Wi
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REFERENCES presented at IEEE Intern
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REFERENCES [90] R. Verdone and A. Z
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REFERENCES [116] K. E. Malki and H.
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