Handover mechanisms in next generation heterogeneous wireless ...

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MULTI-INTERFACE MOBILE MODEL FOR MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER upper layers. The HMM Commands to lower layers are used to instruct the switching of network interfaces. In contrast, the HMM Commands to upper layers indicate the actions that can be taken at upper layers when the predefined events, e.g. loss of radio connection, take place at lower layers. The notifications via the HMM can thus enable cross-layer trigger, which resolves handover delay problem of the MIAU. 7.4 Implementation Issues According to the proposed generic multi-interface model, a dual-interface mobile terminal has been implemented in Network Simulation 2 (ns-2) [120]. The implementation is intended to find out the implementation issues in real systems. In the dual-interface implementation, a mobile terminal is supposed to be equipped with two IEEE 802.11 WLAN cards. And a Handover Manager (HOMgr) resides on the mobile terminal to execute the HMM functions. The architecture of the mobile terminal is shown in Figure 7.3. ns 2.29 [120] is used as the platform for development. The following modifications have been made to ns 2.29 for the implementation of the proposed mobile architecture: � Support for multiple wireless channels on a mobile terminal; � Probe embedded in lower layer objects for handover metrics’ gathering; � Customisation of NO Ad-Hoc Routing Agent (NOAH) [121] for routing capability in the dual-interface mobile terminal; � Proactive triggering mechanism added to the mobile IP implementation of ns 2.29; In ns 2.29, only single network interface is originally supported for a mobile terminal [122]. For this reason, a number of new components and functions that enable the controlling and management of multiple interfaces have been developed. � Handover Manager (HOMgr) with handover decision and policy engine; � New functions for accommodating additional network interface on a mobile terminal and interface switching; - 142 -
MULTI-INTERFACE MOBILE MODEL FOR MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER Figure 7.3 Schematic of a dual-interface mobile terminal under the generic multiinterface model In the dual-interface architecture, the NOAH [13] is applied to direct communications between a mobile terminal and APs. Two 802.11 interfaces are tuned to different wireless channels, and are attached to the mobile terminal without a physical connection between each other. Both of the interfaces can interact with the HOMgr following the design of Sec. 7.3. Mobile IPv4 [21] has been chosen as the network layer protocol for mobility management. Foreign Agent (FA) Care-of-Address (CoA) is utilised on both interfaces when the mobile terminal is connecting to visited networks. The dualinterface mobile terminal works in such a way: at anytime if the standby interface is activated, then the interface in primary mode goes into standby mode. This is followed by the termination of the data traffic on the previously activated interface. The HOMgr - 143 -
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Handover Mechanisms in Next Generat
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all, I woul
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.4.2 Power Save
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LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 7.2 A generi
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ABSTRACT New access technologies su
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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION New access t
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INTRODUCTION becomes available. Han
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INTRODUCTION The above multipliciti
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INTRODUCTION network trust pattern
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INTRODUCTION 1.3 Related Publicatio
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INTRODUCTION TECHNICAL REPORTS XIII
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT horizontally. H
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT The objective o
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT air interface,
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT proposed archit
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT Access point (A
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT users. Moreover
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT For IEEE 802.11
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT The two schemes
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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT When a MH is mo
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3.1 Introduction Chapter 3 HANDOVER
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SECURITY FOR HANDOVER ACROSS HETERO
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DYNAMIC NEIGHBOUR TRUST INFORMATION
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Chapter 5 TRUST ASSISTED HANDOVER A
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TRUST ASSISTED HANDOVER ALGORITHM F
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Page 103 and 104: TRUST ASSISTED HANDOVER ALGORITHM F
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Page 181 and 182: REFERENCES [12] C. Politis, T. Oda,
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