Handover mechanisms in next generation heterogeneous wireless ...

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HANDOVER MANAGEMENT According to [8], heterogeneous wireless networks can be integrated using a third party, Network Interoperating Agent, for establishing Service Level Agreements (SLA) among network operators. 2.2.2 Mobility Protocols IP has been recognised as the foundation for next generation integrated wireless networks [15, 23], since it takes advantage of the widely installed base of IP devices. With various integration architectures discussed in Sec. 2.2.1, two heterogeneous wireless networks can be interconnected and exchange controlling signalling and user traffic with each other. One of the challenges is the design of a mobility protocol suite that could achieve the desired mobility across various types of access networks. The protocol should provide optimal performance across varied network environments. This section discusses three levels of mobility support in the context of all-IP-based [15] wireless networks: macro mobility, micro mobility, and access mobility, which are explained below. � Macro mobility: The movement of a mobile user between two network domains is referred to as macro mobility. For example, the movement of the mobile user MH from Domain I to Domain II shown in Figure 2.4. A domain is an autonomous wireless network, which may include a number of subnets in various geographical regions. � Micro mobility: The movement of a mobile user between two subnets within a domain is referred to as micro-mobility. For example, the movement of the mobile user MH from Subnet A to Subnet B shown in Figure 2.4. A subnet is an identifiably separated part of a network, which may consist of a group of network devices at the same geographic location. � Access mobility: The movement of a mobile user between the access points or the base stations within the scope of the same access router or single radio network controller RNC. For example, the movement of the mobile user MH from AP 1 to AP 2 shown in Figure 2.4. The two access points AP 1 and AP 2 are under the management of the same subnet “Subnet A”. - 20 -
HANDOVER MANAGEMENT Access point (AP) Mobile movement Internet MH FA Domain I Domain II FA Domain III Subnet A 1 MH Macro mobility Access mobility 2 HA Subnet A MH Micro mobility - 21 - Domain III Subnet B Subnet C Figure 2.4 Mobility support in the all IP-based wireless networks On an IP network, a host is identified by an IP address that uniquely identifies its point of attachment to the network. This address is usually associated with a physical subnet. Therefore, the host must reside on its subnet in order to keep a connection to the Internet. The need of a topologically correct address [24] prohibits the host from moving and retaining its connection to the Internet using the base IP protocol. Mobile IP was proposed with the objective of supporting mobile hosts with continuous IP connectivity on a macro mobility level. Macro Mobility Support In Mobile IP [21], macro mobility support is provided by redirecting packets for a mobile host to its current location using IP tunnelling. Mobile IP defines two new functional entities: Home Agent (HA) and Foreign Agent (FA), both of which act as tunnel endpoints. Mobile Host (MH) and Correspondent Node (CN) are end systems that are involved in a connection. A MH attaches to a FA for local access when it roams outside of its home network. The MH retains a permanent IP address assigned by its home network, which is also known as its home IP address. The home IP address is complemented by a dynamically obtained Care of Address (CoA) that uniquely CN FA
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Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all, I woul
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.4.2 Power Save
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES Fig
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Page 11 and 12: ABSTRACT New access technologies su
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION New access t
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Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION The above multipliciti
Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTION network trust pattern
Page 21 and 22: INTRODUCTION 1.3 Related Publicatio
Page 23 and 24: INTRODUCTION TECHNICAL REPORTS XIII
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Page 27 and 28: HANDOVER MANAGEMENT The objective o
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Page 37 and 38: HANDOVER MANAGEMENT For IEEE 802.11
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Page 43 and 44: 3.1 Introduction Chapter 3 HANDOVER
Page 45 and 46: SECURITY FOR HANDOVER ACROSS HETERO
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DYNAMIC NEIGHBOUR TRUST INFORMATION
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Chapter 5 TRUST ASSISTED HANDOVER A
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TRUST ASSISTED HANDOVER ALGORITHM F
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Chapter 6 PROXY BASED AUTHENTICATIO
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PROXY BASED AUTHENTICATION LOCALISA
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MULTI-INTERFACE MOBILE MODEL FOR ME
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CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH WOR
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ABBREVIATIONS 3G 3rd Generation Wir
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ABBREVIATIONS LS Location Server MH
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ABBREVIATIONS THOA Trust Assisted H
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REFERENCES [12] C. Politis, T. Oda,
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REFERENCES [37] Wi-Fi Alliance, "Wi
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REFERENCES presented at IEEE Intern
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REFERENCES [90] R. Verdone and A. Z
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REFERENCES [116] K. E. Malki and H.
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