Complete Report - University of New South Wales

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Magnetic Materials Laboratory, School of Physics, UNSW Dr Jack Cochrane, Physics, UNSW has been instrumental in providing access and in assisting in measurements for Hall effect and resistivity vs. temperature measurements. These measurements are important in elucidating electrical transport mechanisms. Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW The Centre was yet again successful in an application to AINSE for time on Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry at ANSTO in 2005. Again the grant also included time on Rutherford Backscattering at ANSTO. Characterisation primarily involved Si nanostructures with high levels of depth resolution achieved for SIMS, this resolution exceeded that of last year and is now down to 1.5nm (as independently measured by TEM). RBS was used for calibration of these data and in addition RBS channelling was used for further structural characterisation of Si nanostructure samples used in synchrotron experiments. IRDEP (joint EDF/CNRS/ENSCP lab.), Paris University of Karlsruhe Collaboration with the above was by way of prolonged visits by researchers from these institutions to work on projects in the Third Generation strand. Dr Jean-Françoise Guillemoles, from the IDREP, Paris, visited the Centre for six months from March to October, 2005. He was principally involved in work on Hot Carrier cells but also provided useful contributions to other areas of Third Generation Strand activities. Prof. Peter Würfel, from Karlsruhe University, visited the Centre from October 2005 to January 2006 having visited previously in 2000 and 2003. He contributed to several areas of Third Generation work, including establishment of an electro-luminescence mapping teachnique. Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP), Stanford Univeristy, California, USA The Centre was successful in a proposal to the GCEP for work on Si nanostructures to develop a wide band gap Si nanostructure based tandem cell element over three years. This builds on the Si quantum dot nanostructure work in the Third Generation strand and will link to work in the Thin Film strand. The project offi cially started in September 2005 and initial work involved recruitment of three new postdoctoral fellows and two new research fellows to lead the strands on materials processing and characterisation/modelling. Toyota Central Research Laboratories, Nagoya, Japan and Toyota Future Project Division, Higashi-Fuji, Japan The project on Energy Conversion Devices concentrating on high effi ciency thermoelectrics and application of selective energy contacts started in December 2004. It continued throughout 2005 with appointment of a postdoctoral fellow. Signifi cant progress was made on thermoelectric and selective energy contact theory and on experimental measurement of selective energy contacts including initiation of a new technique of optically assisted I-V measurement. Mr Nagashima, Dr Motohiro, Dr Takeda and Dr Itoh from Toyota visited in December 2005 for an annual meeting and progress report. 118
UNSW Centre for Energy and Environmental Markets (CEEM) The PV Centre is one of the founding members of a new UNSW Centre for Energy and Environmental Markets. CEEM involves collaboration between the Faculty of Engineering, the Faculty of Commerce and Economics, and the Australian Graduate School of Management. It undertakes interdisciplinary research in the design, analysis and performance of energy and environmental markets and their associated policy frameworks. It was established in 2004, largely as a response to government initiatives to reorganise infrastructure industries (such as electricity, gas, water and telecommunications) and to rely increasingly on markets in tradable environmental instruments as a form of environmental regulation. CEEM brings together researchers in UNSW and partner organisations, contributing to UNSW’s ability to provide world-class research, advice and education. Dr Muriel Watt is involved with the research strand focussing on “Policy framework and policy instruments in energy and the environment”. Other strands are Energy market design, Derivative markets, Experimental markets, Applications of artifi cial intelligence and Economic valuation methodologies and their application to energy and environmental issues. Australian Business Council for Sustainable Energy (BCSE) PV Centre staff liaise regularly with the BCSE on PV industry development and policy issues. Dr Muriel Watt and Dr Richard Corkish regularly attend the BCSE PV Directorate meetings. A number of consultancies and research projects have also been funded and longer term collaborative arrangements are now under discussion. CSG Solar Pty. Ltd, Botany, Sydney CSG Solar AG, Thalheim, Germany Strong collaboration continued with CSG Solar (formerly Pacifi c Solar), a Centre “spin-off”. In 2004, the Centre purchased and began using an operational cleanroom facility at Bay Street, Botany, formerly owned by CSG Solar. CSG Solar provides cleanroom services (gases, exhausting, gas monitoring, OH&S , etc.) on a user-pays basis, with CSG Solar sharing use of some of the Centre-owned cleanroom equipment on the same basis. During 2005, the Centre provided characterisation services for CSG Solar, while CSG Solar provided thin-fi lm material for the Centre’s metallisation and cell interconnection project. Centre Executive Research Director, Martin Green, also acted as a consultant to the company during 2005 and served on the German company’s Supervisory Board. BP Solar Espana, Tres Cantos, Spain In 2005, UNSW and BP Solar, Pty concluded a major Australian Research Council Linkage project that spanned 2002 to mid 2005. The project’s aimed to improve the effi ciency of p- type double sided buried contact solar cells. The main outcomes of the project were a detailed understanding of the formation of boron diffusion induced defects and their impact on the voltage and fi ll factor of solar cells, the role of oxidation induced stress on the recombination in textured silicon wafers, the fi rst conclusive experimental demonstration of Depletion Region Modulation, an artefact that affects photoconductance measurements and a detailed accounting of the key loss mechanisms in the double sided solar cell. The project resulted in 5 major journal articles and 7 conference papers. 119
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ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanc
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Page 1. DIRECTORS' REPORT 1 2. HIGH
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the cell. Cells based on “hot”
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New Semiconductor Finger Technology
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Stanford University GCEP Grant The
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ARC Centre Review The Centre was re
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Adjunct Fellows Kylie Catchpole, BS
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Student Administration Manager Tric
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Figure 4.1.2: Example of “second-
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The fourth “spin-off” Centre st
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4 3 2 1 G During 2005 the developme
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system, microwave carrier lifetime
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Semiconductor Nanofabrication Facil
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4.3 FIRST GENERATION: WAFER-BASED P
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According to the calculated data in
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It is seen that the measured IQE in
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The re-PERT cells on n-type CZ subs
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In silicon wafers that have natural
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Based on our fi ndings, we consider
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Conductive Paste Firing Tests Basic
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Figure 4.3.2.9: Illuminated IV curv
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Silicon Nitride Passivation of Bare
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Wafer Handling PL imaging was used
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 4.3.2.18: SiN sa
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4.3.2.4 Process Engineering - Conta
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4.4 SECOND GENERATION: THIN-FILMS U
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Another highlight of the Group in 2
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whereas ALICE cells can be made by
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To illustrate the signifi cance of
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4.4.8 Optimisation of Evaporated So
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Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SI
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Current Density (mA/cm 2 ) 16 14 12
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The fact that the SPE diodes are n=
Page 71 and 72: The current response of the cell as
Page 73: 4.4.12 References for Section 4.4 4
Page 76 and 77: The parallel project with Toyota on
Page 78 and 79: 4.5.2.1 Alternative matrices for Si
Page 80 and 81: 4.5.3.1.1 TEM of SiQDs in nitride H
Page 82 and 83: Figure 4.5.9: Two Theta Plots of th
Page 84 and 85: 4.5.3.3 Electrical characterisation
Page 86 and 87: Generating a description of the sam
Page 88 and 89: Many lanthanide energy levels are b
Page 90 and 91: 4.5.6.1 Selective Energy Contacts R
Page 92 and 93: ias to about 2.2V (Figure 4.5.23c).
Page 94 and 95: The phonon dispersions show that if
Page 96 and 97: In addition the thesis project inve
Page 98 and 99: 4.5.8 Concluding remarks for the Th
Page 101 and 102: 4.6 SILICON PHOTONICS RESEARCH GROU
Page 103 and 104: Some of these SOI LEDs were designe
Page 105 and 106: (a) (b) Figure 4.6.7: (a) Top view
Page 107 and 108: The photonic crystal processing of
Page 109 and 110: 4.6.5 Improved SOI LEDs Using Surfa
Page 111 and 112: Another interesting aspect of the P
Page 113 and 114: 4.6.6 Photoluminescence-Based Chara
Page 115 and 116: Surprisingly high sensitivity of PL
Page 117 and 118: Fig.4.6.6.6: Analysis of experiment
Page 119 and 120: In qualitative PL imaging, only the
Page 121: 4.7 COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH Universi
Page 125 and 126: to avoid excessive shading losses.
Page 127 and 128: diffusing the groove walls. The per
Page 129 and 130: Thus this represents a QD areal map
Page 131 and 132: Summary The Centre for Advanced Sil
Page 133 and 134: strand is to provide students with
Page 135 and 136: 5.2.3 Screen-printed Solar Cells Sc
Page 137 and 138: 5.4 Scholarships The undergraduate
Page 139 and 140: 5.5.1 New Flexible First Year In 20
Page 141 and 142: The main purpose of this tool is to
Page 143 and 144: 5.8.3 UNSW Information Day Local un
Page 145 and 146: For the fi rst time in 2005, UNSW M
Page 147 and 148: 5.9.6 Murdoch University Western Au
Page 149 and 150: The Management structure of the Cen
Page 151 and 152: 7.1 PROGRESS AGAINST CENTRE DESIGNA
Page 153 and 154: In parallel, the AIT glass texturin
Page 155 and 156: A.10 Demonstration of photon down-c
Page 157 and 158: A.17 Demonstration of operational m
Page 159 and 160: Governance Milestones H.1 Establish
Page 161 and 162: Number of postgraduate completions
Page 163 and 164: Quality of the Centre Strategic Pla
Page 165 and 166: Centre 2005 Income The total income
Page 167 and 168: Centre 2005 Expenditure of ARC Gran
Page 169 and 170: BOOKS Stuart R. Wenham, Martin A. G
Page 171 and 172: R.A. Bardos, T. Trupke, M. Schubert
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D. Song, D. Inns, A. Straub, M.L. T
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F.W. Chen, J.E. Cotter, A. Cuevas,
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M.A. Green, “Photovoltaics - Elec
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A. Shalav, B. Richards, G. Conibeer
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P.I. Widenborg, S.V. Chan, D. Inns,
Page 183:
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