Low_resolution_Thesis_CDD_221009_public - Visual Optics and ...

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$XXX Congress of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive ...$

CHAPTER 2 study on contact lenses. The sampling patterns used in Chapters 8 and 10 were adapted to the geometry of the multifocal designs of the contact lenses. Fig. 2. 21. Photograph of the LRT2 setup from above. The input channel is shown in green, the pupil channel in orange, and the retinal channel in red. The laser scanner is not visible from above. Examples of pupil images, in which the software superimposes the sampling pattern, and retinal images, are also shown. The light reflected off the retina is collected by a cooled highly sensitive CCD camera (12 bits, 30 frames per second with 2x2 binning, 1024x1024 pixels, pixel size: 14 mx14 m, nominal maximum quantum efficiency: 20% (700 nm); model 1M15 by Dalsa, Waterloo, Canada), conjugate to the eye retinal plane (retinal channel). In addition to record aerial images, this camera can display them in real time. This allows to find objectively the best focus position while assessing the aerial image for a centred ray. During the measurement, the retinal camera is synchronised with the scanner and the pupil camera. In the pupil channel a CCD (8 bits, 60Hz (video), 646 (horizontal) x 485(vertical) pxls, pixel size: 7.4m x 7.4m; model XC-55 by Sony Corp., Tokyo, Japan) continually monitors the pupil and records pupil images during the measurement. Pupil monitoring prior to the measurement helps to verify that everything is ready for the measurement, assisted by marks superimposed on the pupil image in the control program (see Fig. 2. 23): pupil located on the corresponding plane (pupil edges focused), alignment of the center of the pupil and the optical system (centration cross), suitability of the sampling pattern to the pupil diameter (small circumferences for samples entry locations and circumferences of different diameters to estimate pupil size). Pupil monitoring during the measurement allows to verify that no anomalies, such as blinking, contact lens movements on the eye, large eye movements, tear problems, etc, occurred and to ensure the eye’s stability. Five IR LEDs (peak wavelength 880±80 nm) arranged in a circular frame in front of the eye illuminate the pupil during the 82
METHODS alignment (frontal-illumination), and provided enough contrast to appreciate the contact lens position on the eye. In addition, back-illumination is also possible when only the measurement light is used, and has proved to be very useful to visualize some features, such as tear film break up. Recorded images can also be used for passive eyetracking (see Section 2.3.2.6), i.e. post-measurement correction on the pupil sampling coordinates when the eye moved during the measurement. Fig. 2. 22. Detail of the actual system during a measurement on a subject (Llorente, 2009). Recordings of a typical run can be seen at (Llorente et al., 2004b) http://www.journalofvision.org/4/4/5/article.aspx#Movie1, where the left side shows a video of the pupil (front-illuminated) as the entry beam scans discrete locations of the pupil, with the entry point of the ray marked with a circle, and the right side shows the set of corresponding retinal aerial images as the beam moves across the pupil. Fig. 2. 24 shows a frame of the movie. The subjects were stabilized by means of a dental impression and a forehead rest. A 15” CRT monitor (Sony Corp., Tokyo, Japan) is used to project stimuli to help the subject keep his/her eye fixed along the optical axis of the system, and under relaxed accommodation during the measurement. The fixation test, consisting of a green circle with black radial lines thickening towards the periphery (see fixation test in Fig. 2. 20), can be used to assess subjectively the refractive state of the subject’s eye to be measured. Finally, defocus correction in the system is carried out by a Badal system (Smith and Atchison, 1997), which allows to change the vergence of the rays (and hence defocus) without changing magnification, and therefore ensuring that the pupil magnification or the sampling density will not be affected by defocus correction. Our 83
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Doctoral thesis Corneal Ablation an
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Contents Corneal Ablation and Conta
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2.2.1. Fitting surfaces............
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5.3.3. Ablation efficiency factors
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10.5. DISCUSSION...................
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We thank José Antonio Sánchez-Gil
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BOZR Back Optic Zone Radius BCVA Be
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INTRODUCTION 1.1. MOTIVATION The fr
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INTRODUCTION 1.2. THE OPTICAL SYSTE
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INTRODUCTION Myopia is a very commo
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INTRODUCTION a point focus: the dif
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INTRODUCTION system, and tilt repre
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INTRODUCTION term Z 0 2 stands for
Page 31 and 32: INTRODUCTION which image was shadow
Page 33 and 34: INTRODUCTION The defocus Zernike te
Page 35 and 36: INTRODUCTION 1.4.6.3. Internal Aber
Page 37 and 38: INTRODUCTION 1.5.2.3. Alternating v
Page 39 and 40: INTRODUCTION and further-more, at l
Page 41 and 42: INTRODUCTION alcohol is used to loo
Page 43 and 44: INTRODUCTION changes in reflectivit
Page 45 and 46: INTRODUCTION Marcos et al. (Marcos
Page 47 and 48: INTRODUCTION 1.7.3. Ablation effici
Page 49 and 50: INTRODUCTION corneal surface may be
Page 51 and 52: INTRODUCTION Algorithm design: The
Page 53 and 54: INTRODUCTION contact lenses the fie
Page 55 and 56: INTRODUCTION 1.10.1. Tear studies A
Page 57 and 58: INTRODUCTION there are still many u
Page 59 and 60: INTRODUCTION 6. Evaluation and unde
Page 61 and 62: METHODS 2Chapter Chapter 2 - Method
Page 63 and 64: METHODS 2.1. MEASUREMENT OF OPTICAL
Page 65 and 66: METHODS In both profilometers, cust
Page 67 and 68: METHODS The measurement method that
Page 69 and 70: METHODS Fig. 2. 9. Set of points in
Page 71 and 72: METHODS Slit lamp Scheimpflug Camer
Page 73 and 74: METHODS representing the deviation
Page 75 and 76: METHODS 2.2.2.2. Ablation pattern f
Page 77 and 78: METHODS direction. These calculatio
Page 79 and 80: METHODS eye through the whole pupil
Page 81: METHODS (1993) power thresholds for
Page 85 and 86: METHODS Fig. 2. 24. Example frame f
Page 87 and 88: METHODS 4) New image processing too
Page 89 and 90: METHODS Fig. 2. 28. Corrected entra
Page 91 and 92: METHODS Badal lens, corresponds to
Page 93: METHODS Each VA measurement consist
Page 99: REFRACTIVE SURGERY PMMA MODEL 3.1.
Page 102 and 103: CHAPTER 3 optimization of refractiv
Page 104 and 105: CHAPTER 3 These data demonstrate th
Page 106 and 107: CHAPTER 3 regression line, since it
Page 108 and 109: CHAPTER 3 Figure 3.3 shows one of t
Page 110 and 111: CHAPTER 3 Ablation efficiency facto
Page 112 and 113: CHAPTER 3 considering the same set
Page 114 and 115: CHAPTER 3 3.5.3 Impact of correctio
Page 117: ABLATION PROPERTIES OF FILOFOCON A
Page 121 and 122: ABLATION PROPERTIES OF FILOFOCON A
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ABLATION PROPERTIES OF FILOFOCON A
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OPTIMIZED LASER PLATFORMS 5.1 ABSTR
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CHAPTER 5 pulses. Fluence, repetiti
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CHAPTER 5 ablations. The slit-confo
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CHAPTER 5 (Anera et al., 2003): d S
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CHAPTER 5 asymmetries also appeared
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CHAPTER 5 5.3.4. Ablation patterns
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CHAPTER 5 a) b) : 6.5 mm c) Fig. 5.
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CHAPTER 5 achieve proper reflection
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CHAPTER 5 Both the ablation algorit
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HYBRID PORCINE/PLASTIC MODEL 6.1. A
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CHAPTER 6 6.3.1. Hybrid porcine-pla
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CHAPTER 6 is detected. Therefore, i
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CHAPTER 6 no preferential orientati
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ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CORNEAL ELEV
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183
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SOFT CONTACT LENS FITTING USING MOD
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SOFT CONTACT LENS FITTING USING MOD
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ON-EYE OPTICAL PERFORMANCE OF RIGID
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SOFT MONOFOCAL AND MULTIFOCAL CONTA
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SOFT MONOFOCAL AND MULTIFOCAL CONTA
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CORRELATION BETWEEN RADIUS AND ASPH
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CONCLUSIONS Conclusions This thesis
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CONCLUSIONS 5We have developed a pr
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CONCLUSIONS LIST OF METHODOLOGICAL
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CONCLUSIONS FUTURE RESEARCH LINES T
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CONCLUSIONS LIST OF PUBLICATIONS AN
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REFERENCES References AIZAWA, D., S
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REFERENCES PHOTODECOMPOSITION (APD)
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REFERENCES DORRONSORO, C., CANO, D.
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REFERENCES GISPETS, J., ARJONA, M.
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REFERENCES KOPF, M., YI, F., ISKAND
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REFERENCES MARCOS, S., DORRONSORO,
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REFERENCES NOVO, A., PAVLOPOULOS, G
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REFERENCES SAKIMOTO, T., ROSENBLATT
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REFERENCES WANG, L., DAI, E., KOCH,
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RESÚMENES pacientes reales fue com
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RESÚMENES experimentales de cirug
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RESÚMENES cada punto de las cornea
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RESÚMENES plástico medidas anteri
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RESÚMENES 8 Evaluación óptica de
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RESÚMENES 9 Prestaciones ópticas
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RESÚMENES 10 Calidad óptica y cal
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RESÚMENES A Correlación entre rad
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CONCLUSIONES clínicos. La descripc
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CONCLUSIONES 12 Las superficies ocu
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CONCLUSIONES IMPLICACIONES DE ESTA
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CONCLUSIONES contribuyen a la compr
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(y muchísimo más difícil). Me da
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