The Role of Sustainable Land Management for Climate ... - CAADP

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! Table 2-3. Regional averages of change in rainfall in Africa from a set of 21 global models. Comparisons between 1980-90 and 2080-99 West Africa Season Region DJF MAM JJA SON Annual Precipitation Response (%) 6 -3 2 1 2 East Africa Precipitation Response (%) 13 6 4 7 7 South Africa Precipitation Response (%) 0 0 -23 -13 -4 Sahara Precipitation Response (%) -18 -18 -4 6 -6 Source: Christensen et al. (2007) Table 2-4. Transition matrix of changes in environmental constraints to crop agriculture of land in sub-Saharan Africa (scenario HadCM3-A1F1, 2080s) Area HadCM3-A1F1, 2080s Reference climate 1,000 km 2 No constraint Slight Moderate Severe No constraint 535 457 66 6 6 Slight 2,704 11 2,395 262 36 Moderate 6,061 3 67 5,379 612 Severe 15,128 0 0 80 15,048 Total 471 2,528 5,727 15,702 Source: Fischer et al. (2002) ! +&!
! Table 2-5. Severe environmental constraints for rain-fed crop production (reference climate, 1961-1990 and scenario HadCM3-A1F1 in 2080s) Land with severe constraints for rain-fed cultivation of crops % African Region Total extent 10 6 ha Total with constraints Too cold Too dry Too wet Too steep Poor soils 1961- 1990 2080 1961- 1991 2080 1961- 1992 2080 1961- 1993 2080 1961- 1994 2080 1961 - 1995 2080 Eastern 888 52.1 52.5 0 0 27.0 27.3 0 0 3.1 3.1 22 22 Middle 657 58.9 60.3 0 0 12.9 14.4 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.4 45.3 44.8 Northern 547 91.3 96.8 0 0 88.0 95.4 0 0 2.2 1.2 1 0.2 Southern 266 75.3 88.4 0 0 58.7 78.8 0 0 6.5 5.7 10.1 4 Western 632 73.3 74.8 0 0 50.6 54.3 0 0 0.1 0.1 22.7 20.5 Source: Fischer et al. (2002) Table 2-6. Percentage of land with severe versus slight or no constraints for reference climate (1961-1990) and maximum and minimum values occurring in four GCM climate projections for the 2080s based on SRES A2 emission scenario Severe constraints % of total land Slight or no constraints % of total land African Region Ref Min Max Ref Min Max Eastern 52.1 50.5 54.5 18.9 16.7 18.9 Middle 58.9 58.8 60.1 12.2 11.3 11.8 Northern 91.3 93.2 94.7 1.8 0.4 0.9 Southern 75.3 74.6 86.2 1.6 0.1 0.6 Western 73.3 72.6 75 11.3 9.7 11.1 Maximum and minimum values across constraints do generally not add up to 100 percent, since values are not necessarily from the same scenario Source: Fischer et al. (2002) ! +'!
Page 1 and 2:
Land&Climate The Role of Sustainabl
Page 3 and 4:
PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Climate
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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List of Figures Figure 2-1. Number
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ICRISAT IGAD IPCC ISDR JI lCER LDCF
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! EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Coping with cli
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! organic carbon. SLM represents a
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! tenure insecurity in many African
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! To achieve success in the first t
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! degradation, soil and biomass car
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! 2. The Challenge of Climate Varia
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! production and food security for
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! production in Africa and other re
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! Ethiopia consider soil and water
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! the region is degraded to such an
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! In terms of affected area, UNEP (
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! techniques, like bunding (e.g. Ke
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! flooding in sloping lands and pro
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! Reducing Emissions from Deforesta
Page 39 and 40:
! organic carbon. Principles of div
Page 41 and 42:
! A first major impact in Africa wo
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! the practices and qualitatively a
Page 45 and 46:
! o Several adaptation funds have b
Page 47 and 48:
! feeding practices), improved fert
Page 49 and 50: ! billion for the CTF and $2.0 bill
Page 51 and 52: ! require social and environment be
Page 53 and 54: ! focus on financing CDM and/or JI
Page 55 and 56: ! nations have ratified (or adopted
Page 57 and 58: ! vulnerability assessment, develop
Page 59 and 60: ! The TerrAfrica partnership is pla
Page 61 and 62: ! o increased use of voluntary carb
Page 63 and 64: ! • increased integration of clim
Page 65 and 66: ! allowances and offsets are within
Page 67 and 68: ! greater financial resources than
Page 69 and 70: ! activities (these challenges are
Page 71 and 72: ! CER can be carried over to subseq
Page 73 and 74: ! However, the limited extent of su
Page 75 and 76: ! doubts about the verifiability an
Page 77 and 78: ! REDD payments also could have neg
Page 79 and 80: ! VCS, rather than trying to measur
Page 81 and 82: ! Applied research and knowledge ma
Page 83 and 84: ! important to address, so that the
Page 85 and 86: ! As shown earlier in this report,
Page 87 and 88: ! non-A/R projects (a lower thresho
Page 89 and 90: ! countries, including national pov
Page 91 and 92: ! and developing programs and proje
Page 93 and 94: ! • Land degradation increases th
Page 95 and 96: ! • Constraints to increased use
Page 97 and 98: ! and TerrAfrica process to develop
Page 99: ! Table 2-2. Projected mean tempera
Page 103 and 104: ! Table 3-2. Importance of Causes o
Page 105 and 106: ! Practice Adaptation aspects Mitig
Page 107 and 108: ! Table 4-1. Carbon markets, volume
Page 109 and 110: ! Table 4-3. Summary of Progress du
Page 111 and 112: ! Figure 2-3. Projected increases i
Page 113 and 114: ! Figure 3-1. NDVI based estimates
Page 115 and 116: ! Figure 3-3. Greenhouse gas emissi
Page 117 and 118: ! Figure 4-2. Potential savings by
Page 119 and 120: ! References ! Ambrosi, P. 2009. No
Page 121 and 122: ! Dregne, H. and M. Kassas. 1991. A
Page 123 and 124: ! Kruseman, G., Ruben, R. and G. Te
Page 125 and 126: ! Sustainable Land Management in th
Page 127: ! United States Government Accounta
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