The Role of Sustainable Land Management for Climate ... - CAADP

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! Table 3-3. Examples of sustainable land management practices for climate change adaptation and mitigation ! Practice Adaptation aspects Mitigation aspects Improved crop/plant/livestock management Crop rotations Agoforestry systems mixed with crops / pastures IPM Use of more resource efficient crops, livestock and trees Exclosures Improved grazing systems Pasture/rangeland enrichment Fire protection of vegetation Improved soil management Cover cropping Use of mulch and compost Can reduce competition from weeds and pest impacts and possibly reduce mining of specific nutrients Increases water infiltration, slows soil drying and can provide nutrients through leaves. Reduces losses from pests Increases water use or nutrient use efficiency under current or future climate shifts Enables regeneration of vegetation cover, useful plants, and possibly spring recovery Protection and regeneration of vegetation cover, reduced soil compaction Promotion of vegetation cover and soil carbon build up Preservation of vegetation and important species Helps to reduce soil erosion, reduce weed growth, and contributes to soil carbon buildup Reduces soil erosion and helps to maintain/improve soil moisture, nutrients, and organic matter Woody biomass Reduces need for nutrients and possible N2O emission reductions Some above ground carbon storage, soil carbon improvement Soil carbon improvement Prevention of GHG emissions Soil carbon improvement Manuring Enhances soil organic matter Soil carbon improvement Crop residue incorporation Adds nutrient and soil organic Soil carbon improvement matter into soils Intercropping with legumes Helps to improve infiltration, soil carbon, and soil nutrients Soil improving agroforestry Vegetative strips Terracing/bunding (through nitrogen fixation) Helps to reduce weed growth, improve infiltration, soil carbon, and soil nutrients (through nitrogen fixation) Prevents soil erosion Prevents soil erosion Enhances soil carbon but possible NO2 emission increases Some soil carbon impacts but also provides woody biomass; possible N2O emission increases with legumes ! +*!
! Practice Adaptation aspects Mitigation aspects Minimum tillage Increases soil moisture and Soil carbon improvement builds soil carbon Windbreaks and shelterbelts Reduces erosion due to high winds and rains Improved above ground carbon storage with trees Improved water management Rainwater harvesting Storage of water from rooftop or ground into tanks/ponds – offset prolonged droughts on high value enterprises Earth catchments In-situ entrapment of rainwater Soil carbon improvement minimises loss of valuable rainwater and erosive runoff Localised improvement of soil structure through activity of soil organisms Tied ridges/ zai In-situ entrapment of rainwater minimises loss of valuable rainwater and erosive runoff Localised improvement of soil structure through activity of soil Soil carbon improvement Contour ridging / planting Formal irrigation systems Watershed management Adapted from World Bank (2008) organisms Evenly distributes water on sloping areas and enables infiltration Reduces runoff Offsets effects of drought periods Also can prevent fields from accumulating excess water Effective management of rainwater, surface, and ground waters need to be implemented at scales above the household Soil carbon improvement in selected niches Landscape level improvement in soil carbon and possibly in woody vegetation ! ++!
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Land&Climate The Role of Sustainabl
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PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Climate
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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List of Figures Figure 2-1. Number
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ICRISAT IGAD IPCC ISDR JI lCER LDCF
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! EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Coping with cli
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! organic carbon. SLM represents a
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! tenure insecurity in many African
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! To achieve success in the first t
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! degradation, soil and biomass car
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! 2. The Challenge of Climate Varia
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! production and food security for
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! production in Africa and other re
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! Ethiopia consider soil and water
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! the region is degraded to such an
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! In terms of affected area, UNEP (
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! techniques, like bunding (e.g. Ke
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! flooding in sloping lands and pro
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! Reducing Emissions from Deforesta
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! organic carbon. Principles of div
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! A first major impact in Africa wo
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! the practices and qualitatively a
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! o Several adaptation funds have b
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! feeding practices), improved fert
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! billion for the CTF and $2.0 bill
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! require social and environment be
Page 53 and 54: ! focus on financing CDM and/or JI
Page 55 and 56: ! nations have ratified (or adopted
Page 57 and 58: ! vulnerability assessment, develop
Page 59 and 60: ! The TerrAfrica partnership is pla
Page 61 and 62: ! o increased use of voluntary carb
Page 63 and 64: ! • increased integration of clim
Page 65 and 66: ! allowances and offsets are within
Page 67 and 68: ! greater financial resources than
Page 69 and 70: ! activities (these challenges are
Page 71 and 72: ! CER can be carried over to subseq
Page 73 and 74: ! However, the limited extent of su
Page 75 and 76: ! doubts about the verifiability an
Page 77 and 78: ! REDD payments also could have neg
Page 79 and 80: ! VCS, rather than trying to measur
Page 81 and 82: ! Applied research and knowledge ma
Page 83 and 84: ! important to address, so that the
Page 85 and 86: ! As shown earlier in this report,
Page 87 and 88: ! non-A/R projects (a lower thresho
Page 89 and 90: ! countries, including national pov
Page 91 and 92: ! and developing programs and proje
Page 93 and 94: ! • Land degradation increases th
Page 95 and 96: ! • Constraints to increased use
Page 97 and 98: ! and TerrAfrica process to develop
Page 99 and 100: ! Table 2-2. Projected mean tempera
Page 101 and 102: ! Table 2-5. Severe environmental c
Page 103: ! Table 3-2. Importance of Causes o
Page 107 and 108: ! Table 4-1. Carbon markets, volume
Page 109 and 110: ! Table 4-3. Summary of Progress du
Page 111 and 112: ! Figure 2-3. Projected increases i
Page 113 and 114: ! Figure 3-1. NDVI based estimates
Page 115 and 116: ! Figure 3-3. Greenhouse gas emissi
Page 117 and 118: ! Figure 4-2. Potential savings by
Page 119 and 120: ! References ! Ambrosi, P. 2009. No
Page 121 and 122: ! Dregne, H. and M. Kassas. 1991. A
Page 123 and 124: ! Kruseman, G., Ruben, R. and G. Te
Page 125 and 126: ! Sustainable Land Management in th
Page 127: ! United States Government Accounta
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