The Role of Sustainable Land Management for Climate ... - CAADP

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! 4.1.8. TerrAfrica TerrAfrica is a partnership of African governments, NEPAD, regional and sub-regional organizations, the UNCCD, multilateral and bilateral donors, civil society and research organizations, to promote scaling up of SLM in SSA. It was initiated in 2005 to support implementation of UNCCD, CAADP, and the Environment Action Plan of NEPAD. The establishment of TerrAfrica was motivated by several lessons from past efforts to address land degradation in Africa: • There are too many overlapping and scattered programs with conflicting objectives. • Land degradation is too large for a single institution to address. • Narrow approaches have had a limited and unsustained impact. • Poor knowledge management has constrained scaling up of SLM. TerrAfrica focuses on three activity lines: i) coalition building, ii) knowledge management, and iii) investments in SLM. As mentioned earlier, TerrAfrica has mobilized $150 million investment from GEF, which is expected to leverage up to $1 billion in additional funds from donors, governments and private sources. TerrAfrica is working with many countries to develop Country Strategic Investment Frameworks (CSIFs) for scaling up SLM. Progress is most advanced in four pilot countries: Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana and Uganda. By the end of 2007, all of these countries had made substantial progress to develop their CSIF; priority SLM investments had been identified and in some countries mobilized; and analytical work completed to support decision making for mainstreaming SLM in government programs and expenditures (Table 4.2). These countries have all moved to Phase 2 of TerrAfrica implementation, with an increased focus on implementing investment projects. For example, in Ethiopia, a large watershed development project financed by the World Bank and GEF was approved and initiated in 2008, drawing upon the Country Partnership Program for SLM developed via the TerrAfrica partnership. Eleven other countries – Eritrea, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Mauritania, Lesotho, Tanzania – were involved in Phase 1 of TerrAfrica implementation in 2007, during which the focus was on planning, coalition building, and analytical activities (TerrAfrica 2007). Most of these countries made substantial progress in 2008 in developing their CSIFs and building the basis for programming SLM investments in the future. ! '$!
! The TerrAfrica partnership is playing an increasing role in promoting climate change mitigation and adaptation in Africa through SLM. Because of the linkages between SLM and climate change, as explained in sections 2 and 3 of this paper, TerrAfrica can help to improve climate resilience in SSA by strengthening national capacities to incorporate SLM into their plans and programs to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and to access funding to support these plans and programs. 4.1.9. Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) The Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) is an African-led partnership to boost agricultural productivity in Africa in an environmentally sustainable way. It was established by the Rockefeller Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2006. The Department for International Development (DfID) joined as a partner in 2008. AGRA works with African governments, other donors, NGOs, the private sector and African farmers to achieve its objectives. AGRA’s focus areas include • Developing better and more appropriate seeds; • Improving soil health; • Improving income opportunities through better access to agricultural markets; • Improving access to water and water-use efficiency; • Encouraging government policies that support small-scale farmers; • Developing local networks of agricultural education; and • Understanding and sharing the wealth of African farmer knowledge. To date, most AGRA grants have focused on promoting development and marketing of improved germplasm. Of about $80 million in grants that had been provided by the end of March 2009, $2.9 million was targeted to soil health research. The emphasis of AGRA’s Soil Health Initiative will be on promoting integrated soil fertility management. This may include promotion of “smart” fertilizer subsidies and other actions to increase effective use of inorganic fertilizers in Africa, as well as promotion of complementary organic practices. 4.1.10. Sub-regional and national level strategies and policies As noted above, many of the MEAs and regional initiatives involve consultations and development of strategies and plans at a sub-regional level. These have involved the Regional ! '%!
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Land&Climate The Role of Sustainabl
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PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Climate
Page 5 and 6:
Table of Contents Executive Summary
Page 7 and 8: List of Figures Figure 2-1. Number
Page 9 and 10: ICRISAT IGAD IPCC ISDR JI lCER LDCF
Page 11 and 12: ! EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Coping with cli
Page 13 and 14: ! organic carbon. SLM represents a
Page 15 and 16: ! tenure insecurity in many African
Page 17 and 18: ! To achieve success in the first t
Page 19 and 20: ! degradation, soil and biomass car
Page 21 and 22: ! 2. The Challenge of Climate Varia
Page 23 and 24: ! production and food security for
Page 25 and 26: ! production in Africa and other re
Page 27 and 28: ! Ethiopia consider soil and water
Page 29 and 30: ! the region is degraded to such an
Page 31 and 32: ! In terms of affected area, UNEP (
Page 33 and 34: ! techniques, like bunding (e.g. Ke
Page 35 and 36: ! flooding in sloping lands and pro
Page 37 and 38: ! Reducing Emissions from Deforesta
Page 39 and 40: ! organic carbon. Principles of div
Page 41 and 42: ! A first major impact in Africa wo
Page 43 and 44: ! the practices and qualitatively a
Page 45 and 46: ! o Several adaptation funds have b
Page 47 and 48: ! feeding practices), improved fert
Page 49 and 50: ! billion for the CTF and $2.0 bill
Page 51 and 52: ! require social and environment be
Page 53 and 54: ! focus on financing CDM and/or JI
Page 55 and 56: ! nations have ratified (or adopted
Page 57: ! vulnerability assessment, develop
Page 61 and 62: ! o increased use of voluntary carb
Page 63 and 64: ! • increased integration of clim
Page 65 and 66: ! allowances and offsets are within
Page 67 and 68: ! greater financial resources than
Page 69 and 70: ! activities (these challenges are
Page 71 and 72: ! CER can be carried over to subseq
Page 73 and 74: ! However, the limited extent of su
Page 75 and 76: ! doubts about the verifiability an
Page 77 and 78: ! REDD payments also could have neg
Page 79 and 80: ! VCS, rather than trying to measur
Page 81 and 82: ! Applied research and knowledge ma
Page 83 and 84: ! important to address, so that the
Page 85 and 86: ! As shown earlier in this report,
Page 87 and 88: ! non-A/R projects (a lower thresho
Page 89 and 90: ! countries, including national pov
Page 91 and 92: ! and developing programs and proje
Page 93 and 94: ! • Land degradation increases th
Page 95 and 96: ! • Constraints to increased use
Page 97 and 98: ! and TerrAfrica process to develop
Page 99 and 100: ! Table 2-2. Projected mean tempera
Page 101 and 102: ! Table 2-5. Severe environmental c
Page 103 and 104: ! Table 3-2. Importance of Causes o
Page 105 and 106: ! Practice Adaptation aspects Mitig
Page 107 and 108: ! Table 4-1. Carbon markets, volume
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! Table 4-3. Summary of Progress du
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! Figure 2-3. Projected increases i
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! Figure 3-1. NDVI based estimates
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! Figure 3-3. Greenhouse gas emissi
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! Figure 4-2. Potential savings by
Page 119 and 120:
! References ! Ambrosi, P. 2009. No
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! Dregne, H. and M. Kassas. 1991. A
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! Kruseman, G., Ruben, R. and G. Te
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! Sustainable Land Management in th
Page 127:
! United States Government Accounta
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