The Role of Sustainable Land Management for Climate ... - CAADP

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greater financial resources than if financing depends on a fund established by donor governments
and multilateral organizations; but the initial costs of capacity strengthening and project
development may prove difficult for project developers in developing countries to finance if only
a market mechanism is in place.
Many proposals for REDD payment systems have already been developed by
governments and by non-governmental organizations, with differing propositions on these issues.
Almost all propose that REDD systems should include payments for both reduced deforestation
and reduced forest degradation, while a few propose going further to also include carbon
enhancement activities (Ibid.). Most propose that reductions should be measured at the national
level, while some propose measuring reductions at a sub-national level (combined with national
level measurement) or at a more global level. Most propose that reductions should be measured
relative to deforestation rates during an historical period, while some advocate measuring
relative to projected future deforestation and degradation, and one advocates measuring relative
to current levels. Many of those that advocate measuring relative to historic rates propose
allowing for adjustments for expected development, which brings those closer to the proposals to
use projected rates (Ibid.). With regard to the distribution of payments, most proposals do not
specify an explicit distributional mechanism, which implies that payments would be distributed
solely on the basis of emission reductions. Some proposals argue for some explicit distribution
of payments to countries who would not benefit much from a REDD payment scheme, such as
low emitting developing countries. With regard to funding mechanisms, most proposals
advocate multiple mechanisms, with special funds used to finance capacity strengthening and
project development costs and markets providing payments once projects are established.
Agriculture, forestry and land use (AFOLU)
As with REDD, AFOLU activities have large potential to impact GHG levels in the atmosphere.
Smith, et al. (2008) estimate that GHG reductions of more than 5 billion t CO 2 e per year by 2030
are possible globally through improved agricultural and land management practices, assuming
carbon prices of up to $100 per t CO 2 e (Figure 4-2). Most of these reductions are from soil and
biomass carbon sequestration activities, including restoration of organic/peaty soils, improved
cropland management, improved grazing land management, and restoration of degraded lands,
which together account for more than three-fourths of the total reduction from agriculture and
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