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<strong>IT</strong> HOLDING S.p.A. Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2002<br />
Tax provision<br />
The tax provision reflects estimated contingent tax liabilities that some Group companies may have to pay following<br />
the tax disputes currently pending with the tax authorities.<br />
Returns on sales<br />
The provision for returns on sales, set up to cover the unrealized profit arising from the difference between the sales<br />
value of possible returns to be received after year end, but pertaining to the year, and their estimated recovery value.<br />
Recognition of revenues<br />
Revenues from the sale of products are recognized on the transfer of ownership to third parties. Royalties are<br />
recognized at the time of sale of the licensed products and, in accordance with industry practice, are included in<br />
revenues. Should any product return or is expected to return or any commercial discount be recognized, the relevant<br />
value reduces revenues arising from the sale of goods. Cash discounts are recognized as financial costs.<br />
Rental income from investment property is recognized in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the term<br />
of the lease.<br />
Communication expenses<br />
Communication expenses, which include advertising, public relations and visual display expenses, are expensed as<br />
incurred.<br />
Operating lease payments<br />
Payments made under operating leases are recognized in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the term of<br />
the lease. Lease incentives received are recognized in the income statement as an integral part of the total lease<br />
expense.<br />
Financial income (charges)<br />
Financial income (charges) comprise interest payable on borrowings calculated using the effective interest rate<br />
method, interest receivable on fund invested, dividend income, foreign exchange gains and losses, and gains and<br />
losses on hedging instruments that are recognized in the income statement.<br />
Interest income is recognized in the income statement as it accrues, taking into account the effective yield on the<br />
asset. Dividend income is recognized in the income statement on the date that the dividend is declared.<br />
The interest expense component of finance lease is recognized in the income statement using the effective interest rate<br />
method.<br />
Income taxes<br />
Income taxes on the profit or loss for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognized in the<br />
income statements except to the extent that is relates to items recognized directly to equity, in which case it is<br />
recognized in equity.<br />
Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantially<br />
enacted at the balance sheet date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.<br />
Deferred taxes are provided, using the liability method, to reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between<br />
the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that<br />
are expected to be in effect in each of the relevant jurisdictions when such differences are expected to reverse. The<br />
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