1 - Phytosanitary Resources

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Pathways Table 8-5 Shipping Weight of Fresh or Chilled Tomatoes Arriving in the United States from Countries with Tuta absoluta 1 (continued) Country Port Tomatoes, Fresh or Chilled (tonnes) 2006 2007 2008 2009 Vessel Air Vessel Air Vessel Air Vessel Air Spain Chicago IL 291 89 252 58 Detroit MI 17 Los Angeles CA 14 Miami FL 121 New York City NY 167 1,276 400 639 41 Philadelphia PA 25 8 6 San Francisco CA 4 8 Savannah GA 5 Seattle WA 2 Washington DC 12 50 1 Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Statistics. Queried 02/26/10. Since 1984, there have been no interceptions of Tuta absoluta or synonyms of T. absoluta (Phthorimaea absoluta, Gnorimoschema absoluta, Scrobipalpula absoluta, Scrobipalpuloides absoluta) documented in PestID (queried 02/12/ 10). The genus Tuta is not listed in the PestID database but the genera Phthorimaea, Gnorimoschema, and Scrobipalpula are reportable, as is the family Gelechiidae (PestID, 2010). There are no documented interceptions for the genus Scrobipalpula in PestID but there have been interceptions for unspecified Phthorimaea, Gnorimosochema, and Gelechiidae species on tomato, potato, eggplant, and pepper. The lack of interceptions of Tuta absoluta could be due to the fact that the United States has successfully regulated tomato, potato, eggplant, and pepper from South American countries where T. absoluta originates. Only recently has T. absoluta expanded into Europe and neighboring Mediterranean countries. There have been 24 interceptions of unspecified Gelechiidae species associated with tomato fruit since 1984, which includes one unspecified Phthorimaea, one unspecified Gnorimoschema, and five unspecified Keiferia species. Twenty of the interceptions were for immature stages found inside tomato fruit. Most interceptions were from South America (71 percent) from maritime stores. There were seven interceptions from permit or general cargo originating from the Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Venezuela or Mexico. Refer to Table 8-6 on page 8-15 for a summary of the pest interception data for unspecified Gelechiidae for 1984 until present for tomato (queried as Lycoper- 8-14 Tomato Leafminer 6/2011 Emergency and Domestic Programs
Pathways sicum esculentum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), eggplant (Solanum melongena), and pepper (Capsicum annuum) (PestID, 2010). Table 8-6 Interceptions of Unspecified Gelechiidae Species on Tomato, Potato, Eggplant, and Pepper 1, 2 Commodity Tomato 24 3 Gelechiid With Larva Inside Fruit or Tuber Predominant Pathway 20 (83) Maritime stores (71) 1 Pest ID Database (02/12/2010). Interception data: 1984 to present. 2 Numbers in parenthesis represent percentage of interceptions. Predominant Origin 3 Includes 1 unspecified Phthorimaea, 1 unspecified Gnorimoschema, and 5 unspecified Keiferia species. 4 Includes 4 unspecified Phthorimaea and 5 unspecified Gnorimoschema species. Permit Cargo South America (75) 7 (29) Potato 91 4 83 (91) Baggage (95) South America (89) 0 Eggplant 61 5 47 (77) Baggage (61) Sub Saharan Africa 22 (36) (44) Pepper 13 7 (54) Baggage (85) South America (38) 2 (15) and Central America (46) 5 Includes 2 unspecified Anarsia species. Smuggling Smuggling of infested agricultural commodities might be a pathway for Tuta absoluta. Even though interception data in Table 8-6 on page 8-15 is for unspecified Gelechiidae, it suggests that members of this family (and species belonging to some of the synonyms of Tuta, Phthorimaea and Gnorimoschema) are able to follow the fruit/tuber pathway into the United States. Predominant areas of origin for smuggled fruit in baggage in Table 8-6 on page 8-15 are South America, Central America and Sub Saharan Africa. Only recently has the geographical range of Tuta absoluta expanded into Europe and neighboring Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries. Perhaps future queries of Pest ID will indicate interceptions of Gelechiidae in smuggled solanaceous fruits and tubers from these countries. 6/2011 Tomato Leafminer 8-15 Emergency and Domestic Programs
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United States Department of Agricul
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Contents 1 Tomato Leafminer Content
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Contents Traceback and Trace-Forwar
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Contents Introduction 1 Overview 1
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Figures 1 Tomato Leafminer Figure 2
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Tables 1 Tomato Leafminer Table 1-1
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Acknowledgements 2 Tomato Leafminer
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1 Introduction Tomato Leafminer 1 C
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Introduction Initiating an Emergenc
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Introduction The Introduction conta
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Introduction Boldfacing Boldfaced t
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Introduction Transmittal Number The
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2 Pest Tomato Leafminer Information
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Pest Information Povolny (1964) des
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Pest Information predictive pest ma
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Pest Information Hosts Hosts report
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Pest Information A recent report fr
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Pest Information The authors also r
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Pest Information When outside of th
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Pest Information Larvae of Tuta abs
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3 Identification Tomato Leafminer 1
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Identification Figure 3-1 Tuta abso
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Identification Figure 3-4 Tuta abso
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4 Survey Tomato Leafminer Procedure
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Survey Procedures Detection Survey
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Survey Procedures Targeted Survey C
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Survey Procedures 4. Record the ave
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Survey Procedures Figure 4-4 Tuta a
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Survey Procedures Rubber septa lure
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Survey Procedures Figure 4-9 Pan Tr
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Survey Procedures McPhail Traps McP
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Survey Procedures Guidelines for To
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Survey Procedures Table 4-4 High Ri
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Survey Procedures Data Collection R
Page 69 and 70: 5 Regulatory Tomato Leafminer Proce
Page 71 and 72: Regulatory Procedures Tribal Govern
Page 73 and 74: Regulatory Procedures Regulated Are
Page 75 and 76: 6 Control Tomato Leafminer Procedur
Page 77 and 78: Control Procedures Treatments can i
Page 79 and 80: Control Procedures In particular, v
Page 81 and 82: Control Procedures Managing Insecti
Page 83 and 84: Control Procedures Similar Species
Page 85 and 86: Control Procedures Table 6-3 Insect
Page 87 and 88: Control Procedures tomatoes, pepper
Page 89 and 90: Control Procedures control of tomat
Page 91 and 92: Control Procedures ◆ Crop rotatio
Page 93 and 94: Control Procedures Procedure— 1.
Page 95 and 96: Control Procedures combination of s
Page 97 and 98: Control Procedures Table 6-7 Biolog
Page 99 and 100: Control Procedures Environmental Do
Page 101 and 102: 7 Environmental Tomato Leafminer Co
Page 103 and 104: Environmental Compliance Environmen
Page 105 and 106: Environmental Compliance consider i
Page 107 and 108: 8 Pathways Tomato Leafminer 1 Conte
Page 109 and 110: Pathways Table 8-1 European and Med
Page 111 and 112: Pathways Table 8-2 Countries Consid
Page 113 and 114: Pathways Table 8-3 Import Requireme
Page 115 and 116: Pathways Table 8-4 Import Statistic
Page 117 and 118: Pathways Perú, Poland, Portugal (i
Page 119: Pathways Table 8-5 Shipping Weight
Page 123 and 124: Pathways Natural Spread Adults of T
Page 125 and 126: Pathways Finally, end-consumers mig
Page 127 and 128: References 2 Tomato Leafminer 7 CFR
Page 129 and 130: References Brambila, J., S. Lee, an
Page 131 and 132: References EPA. 2006. Reregistratio
Page 133 and 134: References EPPO. 2009r. New data on
Page 135 and 136: References Faria, C. A., J. B. Torr
Page 137 and 138: References IRAC. 2007. Tomato leafw
Page 139 and 140: References Mallia, D. 2009. Guideli
Page 141 and 142: References Picanço, M. C. 2006. IR
Page 143 and 144: References Russell IPM Ltd. 2009b.
Page 145 and 146: References Uchoa-Fernandes, M. A.,
Page 147 and 148: A Forms Tomato Leafminer 1 Contents
Page 149 and 150: Forms OMB Information According to
Page 151 and 152: Forms Table A-1 Instructions for Co
Page 153 and 154: Forms PPQ 523 Emergency Action Noti
Page 155 and 156: Forms Table A-2 Instructions for Co
Page 157 and 158: B Field Tomato Leafminer Screening
Page 159 and 160: C Diagnostic Tomato Leafminer Aid f
Page 161 and 162: D Diagnostic Tomato Leafminer Aid f
Page 163 and 164: E Field Tomato Leafminer Screening
Page 165 and 166: F How to Submit Insect Specimens 1
Page 167 and 168: How to Submit Insect Specimens Dry
Page 169 and 170: G Taxonomic Tomato Leafminer Suppor
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys Other
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys Lab:
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys Data
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Tomato Leafminer Index 1 A acknowle
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smuggling of infested commodities 8
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