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Taxonomic Support for Surveys identification. Moreover, when considering whether to survey for a particular pest a given year, it is advisable to consider the challenges of taxonomic support as a factor in choosing that as a survey target in the first place. Sorting and Screening For survey activity, samples that are properly sorted and screened prior to being examined by an identifier will result in quicker turn around times for identification. Sorting is the first level of activity that assures samples submitted are of the correct target group of pests being surveyed, i.e., after removal of debris, ensure that the correct order, or in some cases family, of insects is submitted; or for plant disease survey samples, select those that are symptomatic if appropriate. There should be a minimum level of sorting expected of surveyors depending on the target group, training, experience, or demonstrated ability. Screening is a higher level of discrimination of samples such that the suspect target pests are separated from the known non-target, or native species of similar taxa. For example, only the suspect target species or those that appear similar to the target species are forwarded to an identifier for confirmation. There can be first level screening and second level depending on the difficulty and complexity of the group. Again, the degree of screening appropriate is dependent on the target group, training, experience, and demonstrated ability of the screener. Check individual survey protocols to determine if samples should be sorted, screened or sent entire (raw) before submitting for identification. If not specified in the protocol, assume that samples should be sorted at some level. <strong>Resources</strong> for Sorting, Screening, and Identification Sorting, screening, and identification resources and aids useful to CAPS and PPQ surveys are best developed by taxonomists who are knowledgeable of the taxa that includes the target pests and the established or native organisms in the same group that are likely to be in samples and can be confused with the target. Many times these aids can be regionally based. They can be in the form of dichotomous keys, picture guides, or reference collections. NIS encourages the development of these resources, and when aids are complete, post them in the CAPS Web site so others can benefit. If local screening aids are developed, please notify Joel Floyd, the Domestic Diagnostics Coordinator, as to their availability. Please see the following for some screening aids currently available: http://pest.ceris.purdue.edu/caps/screening.php G-2 Tomato Leafminer 6/2011 Emergency and Domestic Programs
Taxonomic Support for Surveys Other Entities for Taxonomic Assistance in Surveys When taxonomic support within a state is not adequate for a particular survey, in some cases other entities may assist including PPQ identifiers, universities and state departments of agriculture in other states, and independent institutions. Check with the PPQ regional CAPS coordinators about the availability of taxonomic assistance. Universities and State Departments of Agriculture: Depending on the taxonomic group, there are a few cases where these two entities are interested in receiving samples from other states. Arrangements for payment, if required for these taxonomic services, can be made through cooperative agreements. The National Plant Diagnostic Network (NPDN) also has five hubs that can provide service identifications of plant diseases in their respective regions. Independent Institutions The Eastern Region PPQ office has set up multi-state arrangements for Carnegie Museum of Natural History to identify insects from trap samples. They prefer to receive unscreened material and work on a fee basis per sample. PPQ Port Identifiers There are over 70 identifiers in PPQ that are stationed at ports of entry who primarily identify pests encountered in international commerce including conveyances, imported cargo, passenger baggage, and propagative material. In some cases, these identifiers process survey samples generated in PPQ conducted surveys, and occasionally from CAPS surveys. They can also enter into our Pest ID database the PPQ form 391 for suspect CAPS target or other suspect new pests, prior to being forwarded for confirmation by an NIS recognized authority. PPQ Domestic Identifiers PPQ also has a limited number of domestic identifiers (three entomologists and two plant pathologists) normally stationed at universities who are primarily responsible for survey samples. Domestic identifiers can be used to handle unscreened, or partially screened samples, with prior arrangement through the PPQ regional survey coordinator. They can also as an intermediary alternative to sending an unknown suspect to, for example, the ARS Systematic Entomology Lab (SEL), depending on their specialty and area of coverage. They can also enter into our Pest ID database the PPQ form 391 for suspect CAPS target or other suspect new pests, prior to being forwarded for confirmation by an NIS recognized authority. 6/2011 Tomato Leafminer G-3 Emergency and Domestic Programs
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United States Department of Agricul
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Contents 1 Tomato Leafminer Content
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Contents Traceback and Trace-Forwar
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Contents Introduction 1 Overview 1
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Figures 1 Tomato Leafminer Figure 2
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Tables 1 Tomato Leafminer Table 1-1
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Acknowledgements 2 Tomato Leafminer
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1 Introduction Tomato Leafminer 1 C
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Introduction Initiating an Emergenc
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Introduction The Introduction conta
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Introduction Boldfacing Boldfaced t
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Introduction Transmittal Number The
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2 Pest Tomato Leafminer Information
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Pest Information Povolny (1964) des
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Pest Information predictive pest ma
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Pest Information Hosts Hosts report
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Pest Information A recent report fr
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Pest Information The authors also r
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Pest Information When outside of th
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Pest Information Larvae of Tuta abs
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3 Identification Tomato Leafminer 1
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Identification Figure 3-1 Tuta abso
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Identification Figure 3-4 Tuta abso
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4 Survey Tomato Leafminer Procedure
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Survey Procedures Detection Survey
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Survey Procedures Targeted Survey C
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Survey Procedures 4. Record the ave
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Survey Procedures Figure 4-4 Tuta a
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Survey Procedures Rubber septa lure
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Survey Procedures Figure 4-9 Pan Tr
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Survey Procedures McPhail Traps McP
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Survey Procedures Guidelines for To
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Survey Procedures Table 4-4 High Ri
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Survey Procedures Data Collection R
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5 Regulatory Tomato Leafminer Proce
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Regulatory Procedures Tribal Govern
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Regulatory Procedures Regulated Are
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6 Control Tomato Leafminer Procedur
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Control Procedures Treatments can i
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Control Procedures In particular, v
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Control Procedures Managing Insecti
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Control Procedures Similar Species
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Control Procedures Table 6-3 Insect
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Control Procedures tomatoes, pepper
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Control Procedures control of tomat
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Control Procedures ◆ Crop rotatio
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Control Procedures Procedure— 1.
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Control Procedures combination of s
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Control Procedures Table 6-7 Biolog
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Control Procedures Environmental Do
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7 Environmental Tomato Leafminer Co
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Environmental Compliance Environmen
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Environmental Compliance consider i
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8 Pathways Tomato Leafminer 1 Conte
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Pathways Table 8-1 European and Med
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Pathways Table 8-2 Countries Consid
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Pathways Table 8-3 Import Requireme
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Pathways Table 8-4 Import Statistic
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Pathways Perú, Poland, Portugal (i
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Page 127 and 128: References 2 Tomato Leafminer 7 CFR
Page 129 and 130: References Brambila, J., S. Lee, an
Page 131 and 132: References EPA. 2006. Reregistratio
Page 133 and 134: References EPPO. 2009r. New data on
Page 135 and 136: References Faria, C. A., J. B. Torr
Page 137 and 138: References IRAC. 2007. Tomato leafw
Page 139 and 140: References Mallia, D. 2009. Guideli
Page 141 and 142: References Picanço, M. C. 2006. IR
Page 143 and 144: References Russell IPM Ltd. 2009b.
Page 145 and 146: References Uchoa-Fernandes, M. A.,
Page 147 and 148: A Forms Tomato Leafminer 1 Contents
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Page 153 and 154: Forms PPQ 523 Emergency Action Noti
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Page 157 and 158: B Field Tomato Leafminer Screening
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Page 163 and 164: E Field Tomato Leafminer Screening
Page 165 and 166: F How to Submit Insect Specimens 1
Page 167 and 168: How to Submit Insect Specimens Dry
Page 169: G Taxonomic Tomato Leafminer Suppor
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Page 175 and 176: Taxonomic Support for Surveys Data
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