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Pest Information Figure 2-1 NAPPFAST Map of Relative Establishment Potential Based on the Suitability of the Climate for Tuta absoluta Figure 2-2 NAPPFAST Map of Relative Establishment Potential Combining Host and Climatic Suitability for Tuta absoluta 2-6 Tomato Leafminer 6/2011 Emergency and Domestic Programs
Pest Information Hosts Hosts reported for Tuta absoluta are listed in Table 2-3 on page 2-8. The hosts were reported from their current distributions, and the host species may not be present in the United States. If pests are introduced into new areas, they may attack native species that have not previously been identified as host plants. Therefore, host species should be surveyed (where applicable) and surveys should be broadened to native species within the host genera. South America In South America, the preferred host of Tuta absoluta is tomato; the pest lays eggs in all aboveground portions of the plant (leaves, shoots, flowers) including on the fruit (Vargas, 1970). The tomato leafminer is able to complete its development (from egg to adult stage) on Solanum tuberosum, S. melongena, S. gracilius, S. bonariense and S. sisymbriifolium, but development was interrupted (at larval instars I and II) on Nicotiana tabacum and Solanum pseudo-capsicum (Galarza, 1984). A more recent study (Cardozo et al., 1994) reported that Tuta absoluta is able to complete development on Nicotiana tabacum, and can use Solanum elaeagnifolium as an alternate host plant. Fernandez and Montagne (1990b) conducted host preference studies in a laboratory in Venezuela. They found that the tomato cultivar “Rome Gigante” was the preferred oviposition host and the best host for larval development, when compared to tomato variety Cerasiforme, eggplant, tobacco, Solanum hirtum, Physalis angulata, S. americanum, and potato. Among its alternate hosts are the weeds Lycium chilense (Coralillo), Solanum nigrum, Datura stramonium (Estay, 2000), Datura ferox, and Nicotiana glauca L. (tree tobacco) (EPPO, 2005). Europe In Europe and other parts of its expanded geographical range, Tuta absoluta prefers tomato. It can attack other solanaceous crops such as eggplant (MPAAF, 2009; Viggiani et al., 2009), potato (FREDON-Corse, 2009b; Maiche, 2009), and pepper (MPAAF, 2009), sweet cucumber (pepino) (FERA, 2009b) and Cape gooseberry (Garzia, 2009b). It was reported infesting common bean in Italy (EPPO, 2009i; MPAAF, 2009). 6/2011 Tomato Leafminer 2-7 Emergency and Domestic Programs
Page 1 and 2: United States Department of Agricul
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1 Tomato Leafminer Content
Page 5 and 6: Contents Traceback and Trace-Forwar
Page 7 and 8: Contents Introduction 1 Overview 1
Page 9 and 10: Figures 1 Tomato Leafminer Figure 2
Page 11 and 12: Tables 1 Tomato Leafminer Table 1-1
Page 13 and 14: Acknowledgements 2 Tomato Leafminer
Page 15 and 16: 1 Introduction Tomato Leafminer 1 C
Page 17 and 18: Introduction Initiating an Emergenc
Page 19 and 20: Introduction The Introduction conta
Page 21 and 22: Introduction Boldfacing Boldfaced t
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Transmittal Number The
Page 25 and 26: 2 Pest Tomato Leafminer Information
Page 27 and 28: Pest Information Povolny (1964) des
Page 29: Pest Information predictive pest ma
Page 33 and 34: Pest Information A recent report fr
Page 35 and 36: Pest Information The authors also r
Page 37 and 38: Pest Information When outside of th
Page 39 and 40: Pest Information Larvae of Tuta abs
Page 41 and 42: 3 Identification Tomato Leafminer 1
Page 43 and 44: Identification Figure 3-1 Tuta abso
Page 45 and 46: Identification Figure 3-4 Tuta abso
Page 47 and 48: 4 Survey Tomato Leafminer Procedure
Page 49 and 50: Survey Procedures Detection Survey
Page 51 and 52: Survey Procedures Targeted Survey C
Page 53 and 54: Survey Procedures 4. Record the ave
Page 55 and 56: Survey Procedures Figure 4-4 Tuta a
Page 57 and 58: Survey Procedures Rubber septa lure
Page 59 and 60: Survey Procedures Figure 4-9 Pan Tr
Page 61 and 62: Survey Procedures McPhail Traps McP
Page 63 and 64: Survey Procedures Guidelines for To
Page 65 and 66: Survey Procedures Table 4-4 High Ri
Page 67 and 68: Survey Procedures Data Collection R
Page 69 and 70: 5 Regulatory Tomato Leafminer Proce
Page 71 and 72: Regulatory Procedures Tribal Govern
Page 73 and 74: Regulatory Procedures Regulated Are
Page 75 and 76: 6 Control Tomato Leafminer Procedur
Page 77 and 78: Control Procedures Treatments can i
Page 79 and 80: Control Procedures In particular, v
Page 81 and 82:
Control Procedures Managing Insecti
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Control Procedures Similar Species
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Control Procedures Table 6-3 Insect
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Control Procedures tomatoes, pepper
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Control Procedures control of tomat
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Control Procedures ◆ Crop rotatio
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Control Procedures Procedure— 1.
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Control Procedures combination of s
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Control Procedures Table 6-7 Biolog
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Control Procedures Environmental Do
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7 Environmental Tomato Leafminer Co
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Environmental Compliance Environmen
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Environmental Compliance consider i
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8 Pathways Tomato Leafminer 1 Conte
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Pathways Table 8-1 European and Med
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Pathways Table 8-2 Countries Consid
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Pathways Table 8-3 Import Requireme
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Pathways Table 8-4 Import Statistic
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Pathways Perú, Poland, Portugal (i
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Pathways Table 8-5 Shipping Weight
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Pathways sicum esculentum), potato
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Pathways Natural Spread Adults of T
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Pathways Finally, end-consumers mig
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References 2 Tomato Leafminer 7 CFR
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References Brambila, J., S. Lee, an
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References EPA. 2006. Reregistratio
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References EPPO. 2009r. New data on
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References Faria, C. A., J. B. Torr
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References IRAC. 2007. Tomato leafw
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References Mallia, D. 2009. Guideli
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References Picanço, M. C. 2006. IR
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References Russell IPM Ltd. 2009b.
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References Uchoa-Fernandes, M. A.,
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A Forms Tomato Leafminer 1 Contents
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Forms OMB Information According to
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Forms Table A-1 Instructions for Co
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Forms PPQ 523 Emergency Action Noti
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Forms Table A-2 Instructions for Co
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B Field Tomato Leafminer Screening
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C Diagnostic Tomato Leafminer Aid f
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D Diagnostic Tomato Leafminer Aid f
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E Field Tomato Leafminer Screening
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F How to Submit Insect Specimens 1
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How to Submit Insect Specimens Dry
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G Taxonomic Tomato Leafminer Suppor
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys Other
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys Lab:
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys Data
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Tomato Leafminer Index 1 A acknowle
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smuggling of infested commodities 8
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