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Survey Procedures In addition, because Tuta absoluta can develop in solanaceous weed hosts that might be present in growing areas, trapping might continue even when commercial hosts are unavailable, after harvest and before the next planting. Surveys in other risky areas should be conducted year-round. Refer to Table 4-4 on page 4-19 for a list of areas at high risk for Tuta absoluta. Processing Samples This section contains instructions for preparing and shipping insect and plant specimens. Preparing Samples Preserve Tuta absoluta in 70 percent isopropyl alcohol and send for identification and preservation. Shipping Samples Call the laboratory prior to shipping the samples via overnight delivery service. Instructions and contact information are located in How to Submit Insect Specimens on page F-1 and Taxonomic Support for Surveys on page G-1. Collecting and Handling Samples and Specimens Adults—Moths can be captured with a sweep net when disturbing plants to incite adult flight. Captured adults should be transferred to a killing jar with ethyl acetate (killing agent). Adults will be quickly stunned but will be killed slowly. The body will remain limp (unless they are left in the killing jar overnight) in case spreading or removal of genitalia is needed (USDA, 1986). Alternatively, adults can be collected and placed in 95 percent alcohol. Collecting adults and storing them in dry ice will keep them in good shape in case further taxonomic studies are planned. Larvae and Pupae—For museum quality specimens, larvae and pupae extracted from plant material should be placed in a vial with ethanol at 70 to 80 percent and 5 percent glacial acetic acid. This combination of chemicals (referred to as acetic alcohol) aids in ethanol penetration and keeps specimen tissues relaxed (USDA, 1986). For surveys, glacial acetic acid is not necessary and 70 to 80 percent ethanol alone is all that is needed. Immature Stages in Plant Material—Place suspect material in a plastic bag and store in a cooler, but not frozen. A photograph should be taken in the field to document the plant materials original state. 4-20 Tomato Leafminer 6/2011 Emergency and Domestic Programs
Survey Procedures Data Collection Recording negative results in surveys is just as important as positive detections since it helps define an area of infestation. A system of data collection should include an efficient tracking system for suspect samples such that their status is known at various stages and laboratories in the confirmation process. If available, use pre-programmed hand-held units with GPS capability. Data collected during surveys should include the following: ◆ Date of survey ◆ Collector’s name and affiliation ◆ Full name of business, institution, or agency ◆ Full mailing address including country ◆ Type of property (commercial nursery, hotel, natural field, residence) ◆ GPS coordinates of the host plant and property ◆ Host species and cultivar ◆ General conditions or any other relevant information ◆ Positive or negative results from specimen collection Cooperation with Other Surveys Other surveyors regularly sent to the field should be trained to recognize infestations of Tuta absoluta. 6/2011 Tomato Leafminer 4-21 Emergency and Domestic Programs
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United States Department of Agricul
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Contents 1 Tomato Leafminer Content
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Contents Traceback and Trace-Forwar
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Contents Introduction 1 Overview 1
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Figures 1 Tomato Leafminer Figure 2
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Tables 1 Tomato Leafminer Table 1-1
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Acknowledgements 2 Tomato Leafminer
Page 15 and 16: 1 Introduction Tomato Leafminer 1 C
Page 17 and 18: Introduction Initiating an Emergenc
Page 19 and 20: Introduction The Introduction conta
Page 21 and 22: Introduction Boldfacing Boldfaced t
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Transmittal Number The
Page 25 and 26: 2 Pest Tomato Leafminer Information
Page 27 and 28: Pest Information Povolny (1964) des
Page 29 and 30: Pest Information predictive pest ma
Page 31 and 32: Pest Information Hosts Hosts report
Page 33 and 34: Pest Information A recent report fr
Page 35 and 36: Pest Information The authors also r
Page 37 and 38: Pest Information When outside of th
Page 39 and 40: Pest Information Larvae of Tuta abs
Page 41 and 42: 3 Identification Tomato Leafminer 1
Page 43 and 44: Identification Figure 3-1 Tuta abso
Page 45 and 46: Identification Figure 3-4 Tuta abso
Page 47 and 48: 4 Survey Tomato Leafminer Procedure
Page 49 and 50: Survey Procedures Detection Survey
Page 51 and 52: Survey Procedures Targeted Survey C
Page 53 and 54: Survey Procedures 4. Record the ave
Page 55 and 56: Survey Procedures Figure 4-4 Tuta a
Page 57 and 58: Survey Procedures Rubber septa lure
Page 59 and 60: Survey Procedures Figure 4-9 Pan Tr
Page 61 and 62: Survey Procedures McPhail Traps McP
Page 63 and 64: Survey Procedures Guidelines for To
Page 65: Survey Procedures Table 4-4 High Ri
Page 69 and 70: 5 Regulatory Tomato Leafminer Proce
Page 71 and 72: Regulatory Procedures Tribal Govern
Page 73 and 74: Regulatory Procedures Regulated Are
Page 75 and 76: 6 Control Tomato Leafminer Procedur
Page 77 and 78: Control Procedures Treatments can i
Page 79 and 80: Control Procedures In particular, v
Page 81 and 82: Control Procedures Managing Insecti
Page 83 and 84: Control Procedures Similar Species
Page 85 and 86: Control Procedures Table 6-3 Insect
Page 87 and 88: Control Procedures tomatoes, pepper
Page 89 and 90: Control Procedures control of tomat
Page 91 and 92: Control Procedures ◆ Crop rotatio
Page 93 and 94: Control Procedures Procedure— 1.
Page 95 and 96: Control Procedures combination of s
Page 97 and 98: Control Procedures Table 6-7 Biolog
Page 99 and 100: Control Procedures Environmental Do
Page 101 and 102: 7 Environmental Tomato Leafminer Co
Page 103 and 104: Environmental Compliance Environmen
Page 105 and 106: Environmental Compliance consider i
Page 107 and 108: 8 Pathways Tomato Leafminer 1 Conte
Page 109 and 110: Pathways Table 8-1 European and Med
Page 111 and 112: Pathways Table 8-2 Countries Consid
Page 113 and 114: Pathways Table 8-3 Import Requireme
Page 115 and 116: Pathways Table 8-4 Import Statistic
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Pathways Perú, Poland, Portugal (i
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Pathways Table 8-5 Shipping Weight
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Pathways sicum esculentum), potato
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Pathways Natural Spread Adults of T
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Pathways Finally, end-consumers mig
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References 2 Tomato Leafminer 7 CFR
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References Brambila, J., S. Lee, an
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References EPA. 2006. Reregistratio
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References EPPO. 2009r. New data on
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References Faria, C. A., J. B. Torr
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References IRAC. 2007. Tomato leafw
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References Mallia, D. 2009. Guideli
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References Picanço, M. C. 2006. IR
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References Russell IPM Ltd. 2009b.
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References Uchoa-Fernandes, M. A.,
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A Forms Tomato Leafminer 1 Contents
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Forms OMB Information According to
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Forms Table A-1 Instructions for Co
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Forms PPQ 523 Emergency Action Noti
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Forms Table A-2 Instructions for Co
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B Field Tomato Leafminer Screening
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C Diagnostic Tomato Leafminer Aid f
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D Diagnostic Tomato Leafminer Aid f
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E Field Tomato Leafminer Screening
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F How to Submit Insect Specimens 1
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How to Submit Insect Specimens Dry
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G Taxonomic Tomato Leafminer Suppor
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys Other
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys Lab:
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Taxonomic Support for Surveys Data
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Tomato Leafminer Index 1 A acknowle
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smuggling of infested commodities 8
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